Abstract
The strong interframe dependency present in Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) codecs renders the decoder very vulnerable when the Adaptive Codebook (ACB) is desynchronized. Hence, errors affect not only the concealed frame but also all the subsequent frames. In this paper, we have developed a Forward Error Correction (FEC)-based technique which relies on energy constraint to determine frame onset which will be considered for sending the FEC information. The extra information contains an optimized FEC pulse excitation which models the contribution of the ACB to offer a resynchronization procedure at the decoder. In fact, under the energy constraint the number of Fixed Codebook (FCB) pulses can be reduced in order to be exploited by the FEC intervention. In return, the error propagation is considerably prevented with no overload of added-pulses. Furthermore, the proposed method greatly improves the CELP-based codec robustness to packet losses with no increase in coder storage capacity.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Toral, C.H., Pathan, A.K., Ramirez, P.J.C.: Accurate modeling of VoIP traffic QoS parameters in current and future networks with multifractal and Markov models. Math. Comput. Model. 57(11), 2832–2845 (2013)
Bhebhe, L., Parkkali, R.: VoIP performance over HSPA with different VoIP clients. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 58(3), 613–626 (2011)
Kim, B.H., Kim, H.G., Jeong, J., Kim, J.Y.: VoIP receiver-based adaptive playout scheduling and packet loss concealment technique. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 59(1), 250–258 (2013)
ITU Rec.: G.723.1, dual rate speech coder for multimedia communication transmitting at 5.3kbit/s and 6.3kbit/s (1996)
Oh, S.M., Kim, J.H.: Application-aware retransmission design for VoIP services in BWA networks. In: 14th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), pp. 122–131. IEEE (2012)
Gomez, A.M., Carmona, J.L., Peinado, A., Sanchez, V.: A multipulse-based forward error correction technique for robust CELP-coded speech transmission over erasure channels. IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process. 18(6), 1258–1268 (2010)
Gomez, A.M., Carmona, J.L., Peinado, A., Sanchez, V.: One-pulse FEC coding for robust CELP-coded speech transmission over erasure channels. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 13(5), 894–904 (2011)
Ehara, H., Yoshida, K.: Decoder initializing technique for improving frame-erasure resilience of a CELP speech codec. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 10(3), 549–553 (2008)
Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ): An objective method for end-to-end speech quality assessment of narrow-band telephone networks and speech codecs. ITU-T P.862 Recommendation (2001)
Lamel, L., Kassel, R., Seneff, S.: Speech database development: design and analysis of the acoustic-phonetic corpus. In: Proceedings of Speech Recognition Workshop (DARPA), pp. 100–110 (1986)
Garofolo, J.S.: The Structure and Format of the DARPA TIMIT, CD-ROM Prototype, Documentation of DARPA TIMIT
Jiang, W., Schulzrinne, H.: Modeling of packet loss and delay and their effect on real-time multimedia service quality. In: Proceedings of NOSSDAV 2000 (2000)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Benamirouche, N., Boudraa, B., Gomez, A.M., Pérez-Córdoba, J.L., López-Espejo, I. (2016). A Dynamic FEC for Improved Robustness of CELP-Based Codec. In: Abad, A., et al. Advances in Speech and Language Technologies for Iberian Languages. IberSPEECH 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10077. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49169-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49169-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-49168-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-49169-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)