Abstract
We propose a hybrid process calculus for modelling and reasoning on cyber-physical systems (CPSs). The dynamics of the calculus is expressed in terms of a labelled transition system in the SOS style of Plotkin. This is used to define a bisimulation-based behavioural semantics which support compositional reasonings. Finally, we prove run-time properties and system equalities for a non-trivial case study.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
See [17] for a tassonomy of the time-scale models used to represent CPSs.
- 2.
We recall that \(\pi .P\) is a shorthand for
, when X does not occur in P.
References
Alur, R., Courcoubetis, C., Henzinger, T.A., Ho, P.-H.: Hybrid automata: an algorithmic approach to the specification and verification of hybrid systems. In: Grossman, R.L., Nerode, A., Ravn, A.P., Rischel, H. (eds.) HS 1991-1992. LNCS, vol. 736, pp. 209–229. Springer, Heidelberg (1993). doi:10.1007/3-540-57318-6_30
Bergstra, J.A., Middleburg, C.A.: Process algebra for hybrid systems. TCS 335(2–3), 215–280 (2005)
Bodei, C., Degano, P., Ferrari, G.-L., Galletta, L.: Where do your iot ingredients come from? In: Lluch Lafuente, A., Proença, J. (eds.) COORDINATION 2016. LNCS, vol. 9686, pp. 35–50. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39519-7_3
Cerone, A., Hennessy, M., Merro, M.: Modelling MAC-layer communications in wireless systems. Logical Meth. Comput. Sci. 11(1:18), 1–59 (2015)
Cuijpers, P., Reniers, M.: Hybrid process algebra. JLAP 62(2), 191–245 (2005)
David, A., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Mikučionis, M., Wang, Z.: Time for statistical model checking of real-time systems. In: Gopalakrishnan, G., Qadeer, S. (eds.) CAV 2011. LNCS, vol. 6806, pp. 349–355. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22110-1_27
Galpin, V., Bortolussi, L., Hillston, J.: HYPE: hybrid modelling by composition of flows. Formal Aspects Comput. 25(4), 503–541 (2013)
Hennessy, M., Regan, T.: A process algebra for timed systems. I&C 117(2), 221–239 (1995)
Lanese, I., Bedogni, L., Di Felice, M.: Internet of things: a process calculus approach. In: Shin, S., Maldonado, J. (eds.) ACM SAC 2013, pp. 1339–1346. ACM (2013)
Lanotte, R., Merro, M.: A calculus of cyber-physical systems. CoRR abs/1612.00484 (2016)
Lanotte, R., Merro, M.: A semantic theory of the internet of things. In: Lluch Lafuente, A., Proença, J. (eds.) COORDINATION 2016. LNCS, vol. 9686, pp. 157–174. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39519-7_10
Lanotte, R., Merro, M., Muradore, R., Viganò, L.: A formal approach to cyber-physical attacks. CoRR abs/1611.01377 (2016)
Merro, M., Ballardin, F., Sibilio, E.: A timed calculus for wireless systems. TCS 412(47), 6585–6611 (2011)
Ölveczky, P.C., Meseguer, J.: Semantics and pragmatics of real-time maude. High.-Order Symb. Comput. 20(1–2), 161–196 (2007)
Rounds, W.C., Song, H.: The \(\phi \)-calculus: a language for distributed control of reconfigurable embedded systems. In: Maler, O., Pnueli, A. (eds.) HSCC 2003. LNCS, vol. 2623, pp. 435–449. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). doi:10.1007/3-540-36580-X_32
Vigo, R., Nielson, F., Nielson, H.R.: Broadcast, denial-of-service, and secure communication. In: Johnsen, E.B., Petre, L. (eds.) IFM 2013. LNCS, vol. 7940, pp. 412–427. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38613-8_28
Zacchia Lun, Y., D’Innocenzo, A., Malavolta, I., Di Benedetto, M.D.: Cyber-physical systems security: a systematic mapping study. CoRR abs/1605.09641 (2016)
Acknowledgements
We thank Riccardo Muradore for providing us with simulations in MATLAB of our case study. We thank the anonymous reviewers for valuable comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lanotte, R., Merro, M. (2017). A Calculus of Cyber-Physical Systems. In: Drewes, F., Martín-Vide, C., Truthe, B. (eds) Language and Automata Theory and Applications. LATA 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10168. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53733-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53733-7_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53732-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-53733-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)