Skip to main content

Gender Differences in Computer Science Departments

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies

Synonyms

Computer science; Computer science departments; Gender differences; Gender representation; Performance; Preferences

Introduction

Women got involved with computer science (CS) literally from the moment of the creation of the scientific discipline and have passionately programmed computers for many decades. As far back as 1843, Ada Lovelace wrote programs on Charles Babbage’s mechanical computer. In 1946, six women mathematicians, known also as human “computers” created working programs for the ENIAC computer during the Second World War. In the 1950s, the pioneering generation of CS featured a surprising number of prominent women who led research teams, defined computer languages, and even pioneered the history of CS. One of the first programmers, Grace Murray Hopper, played a key role in creating COBOL and standardizing FORTRAN, even named as the Data Processing Management Association’s first “man of the year” in 1971 (Misa 2011).

In the 1960s, women entered the emerging CS...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abbate J (2011). The Pleasure Paradox. In T. J. Misa (ed) Gender Codes: Why Women Are Leaving Computing. N.J.: Wiley, Hoboken, pp. 211–227

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Alkhadrawi A (2015) Gender differences in math and science choices and preferences. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Toledo

    Google Scholar 

  • Amelink C (2009) Literature overview: gender differences in science achievement. SWE-AWE-CASEE ARP Resources – Gender Differences in Science Performance. Retrieved June 15, 2018, from http://www.AWEonline.org

  • Ashcraft C, Eger E, Friend M (2012) Girls in IT: the facts. National Center for Women & Information Technology, Boulder

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker LJ, Aspray W (2006) The state of research on girls and IT. In: Cohoon JM, Aspray W (eds) Women and information technology: research on underrepresentation. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 3–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Berdousis I, Kordaki M (2016) Computing and STEM in Greek tertiary education: gender representation of faculty members during the decade 2003–2013. Gend Educ. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2016.1156653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berdousis I, Kordaki Μ (2019). Gender and student course preferences and course performance in Computer Science departments: A case study. Education and Information Technologies 24(2):1269–1291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-018-9828-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beyer S (2014) Why are women underrepresented in computer science? Gender differences in stereotypes, self-efficacy, values, and interests and predictors of future CS course-taking and grades. Comput Sci Educ 24(2–3):153–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beyer S, Haller S (2006) Gender differences and intra-gender differences in computer science students: are female CS majors more similar to male CS majors or female nonmajors? J Women Minorities Sci Eng 12:337–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Britner SL (2008) Motivation in high school science students: a comparison of gender differences in life, physics, and earth science classes. J Res Sci Teach 45(8):955–970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bussey K, Bandura A (1999) Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation. Psychol Rev 106:676–713

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camp T (2012) Computing, we have a problem…. ACM Inroads 3(4):34–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheryan S, Master A, Meltzoff AN (2015) Cultural stereotypes as gatekeepers: increasing girls’ interest in computer science and engineering by diversifying stereotypes. Front Psychol 6:49. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Correll SJ (2004) Constraints into preferences: gender, status, and emerging career aspirations. Am Sociol Rev 69:93–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ding CS, Song KIM, Richardson LI (2006). Do mathematical gender differences continue? A longitudinal study of gender difference and excellence in mathematics performance in the US. Educational Studies, 40(3):279–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eccles JS (2007) Where are all the women? Gender differences in participation in physical science and engineering. In: Ceci JS, Williams WM (eds) Why aren’t more women in science? Top researchers debate evidence. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, pp 199–210

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ensmenger N (2011) Making programming masculine. In: Misa TJ (ed) Gender codes: why women are leaving computing. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 115–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Gürer D, Camp T (2002) An ACM-W literature review on women in computing. ACM SIGCSE Bull 34(2):121–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes CC (2011). Gender Codes. In T. J. Misa (ed) Gender Codes: Why Women Are Leaving Computing. N.J.: Wiley, Hoboken, pp. 265–273

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • He J, Freeman LA (2010) Are men more technology-oriented than women? The role of gender on the development of general computer self-efficacy of college students. J Inf Syst Educ 21:203–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Hüsing T, Korte WB, Fonstad N et al (2013) E-skills for competitiveness and innovation vision, roadmap and foresight scenarios. Final report. European Commission. Retrieved June 15, 2018, from http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/ict/files/eskills/vision_final_report_en.pdf

  • Hyde JS, Lindberg SM, Linn MC et al (2008) Gender similarities characterize math performance. Science 321:494–495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ilias A, Kordaki M (2006) Undergraduate studies in computer science and engineering: gender issues. ACM SIGCSE Bull 38(2):81–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs JE (2005) Twenty-five years of research on gender and ethnic differences in STEM career choices: what have we learned? New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 110:85–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs JE, Lanza S, Osgood DW et al (2002) Changes in children’s self-competence and values: gender and domain differences across grades one through twelve. Child Dev 73(2):509–527

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiran D, Sungur S (2012) Middle school students’ science self-efficacy and its sources: examination of gender differences. J Sci Educ Technol 21(5):619–630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kordaki M, Berdousis I (2017) Computing and STEM in Greece: gender representation of students and teachers during the decade 2002/2012. Educ Inf Technol 22(1):101–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margolis J, Fisher A, Miller F (2000) The anatomy of interest: women in undergraduate computer science. Women’s Studies Quarterly 28(1/2):104–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews JS, Pontiz C, Morrison FJ (2009) Early gender differences in self-regulation and academic achievement. J Educ Psychol 101(3):689–704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Misa TJ (2011) Gender codes lessons from history. In: Misa TJ (ed) Gender codes: why women are leaving computing. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 251–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Sáinz M, Eccles J (2012) Self-concept of computer and math ability: gender implications across time and within ICT studies. J Vocat Behav 80(2):486–499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van de Gaer E, Pusjens H, Damme J, De Munter A (2008) Mathematics participation and mathematics achievement across secondary school: the role of gender. Sex Roles 59:568–585

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria Kordaki .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Kordaki, M., Berdousis, I. (2019). Gender Differences in Computer Science Departments. In: Tatnall, A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60013-0_184-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60013-0_184-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60013-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60013-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Computer SciencesReference Module Computer Science and Engineering

Publish with us

Policies and ethics