Abstract
Current public lighting is predominately directed to reducing energy and often is understood as a technical issue rather than a human one, mostly based on photometric visual performance. By taking advantage of the inherent flexibility of current lighting technologies, this research aimed to contribute to a more sustainable lighting design practice, through the design of adaptive lighting solutions that improve the relationship between users, the space they inhabit and energy use. To confirm the hypothesis, it was developed a user-oriented method that considers a specific user-space relationship and the user’s perception of well-being. Tested via two outdoor field experiment in an urban space in the south of Portugal, qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis of the collected data, suggest that the method can provide data to aid the design of more tailored and flexible public lighting solutions that can balance the user-energy relationship, improving the overall sustainability of our cities.
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Notes
- 1.
Adaptive Lighting Design Assisting method.
- 2.
Adaptive Lighting Interval Configuration Exercise.
- 3.
Brightness Level (Ehav): for 100% = 13 lx; 65% = 8.5 lx and for 45% = 5.9 lx. Colour Temp: 3.600 K, 4.200 K and 5.400 K. and Lighting Distribution: 15, 30 and 60-meter radius.
- 4.
Subjective Assessment of Lighting Quality Questionnaire.
- 5.
As an example, this method can find that for a specific population the colour temperature interval of 3.600 to 4.000 K is considered as the most adequate for public lighting, another may prefer an interval from 2.000 to 2.500 K.
- 6.
Buildings, on average, are 5.5 m high at facade level and an average street section measured between 4 and 7 m in width, varying from secondary streets to main streets, respectively.
- 7.
Correlated Colour Temperature.
- 8.
Schréder 5103: 0–180°: 71–71° and for 90–270°: 49–15°.
- 9.
Traxon Technologies, eCue Butler XT2.
- 10.
Peak point (directly below the light source); Midpoint (half the length of the street) and Off‐peak point (symmetric position of the peak point).
- 11.
‘A’, view of Cunha Rivara Street and ‘B’, view of Misericórdia Street.
- 12.
From point ‘A', back to point ‘A’.
- 13.
For the final scenarios, the ‘K’ was not considered because it was found that its configuration was random and not relevant for the final definition of the scenario, creating unnecessary variability on the data.
- 14.
Assumptions were tested and accepted by the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure for sampling adequacy and sphericity with Bartlett’s test, indicated that correlations between items were sufficiently large for a PCA or a FA.
- 15.
Sense of Security; Spatial Orientation; Visual Comfort and Aesthetics.
- 16.
Sense of Security and Spatial Orientation.
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Acknowledgments
We thank the City Council of Arraiolos, President Sílvia Pinto and the population for the participation. To Schréder Lighting Portugal, for supplying the luminaires and to Traxon-Osram, for providing the lighting control.
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Gonçalves, E., Ferreira, A.M., Christiaans, H. (2018). User-Oriented Method as a Way to Humanise the User-Energy Relationship in Public Lighting. In: Charytonowicz, J. (eds) Advances in Human Factors, Sustainable Urban Planning and Infrastructure. AHFE 2017. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 600. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60450-3_11
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