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Data Integration for Open Data on the Web

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Reasoning Web. Semantic Interoperability on the Web (Reasoning Web 2017)

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Abstract

In this lecture we will discuss and introduce challenges of integrating openly available Web data and how to solve them. Firstly, while we will address this topic from the viewpoint of Semantic Web research, not all data is readily available as RDF or Linked Data, so we will give an introduction to different data formats prevalent on the Web, namely, standard formats for publishing and exchanging tabular, tree-shaped, and graph data. Secondly, not all Open Data is really completely open, so we will discuss and address issues around licences, terms of usage associated with Open Data, as well as documentation of data provenance. Thirdly, we will discuss issues connected with (meta-)data quality issues associated with Open Data on the Web and how Semantic Web techniques and vocabularies can be used to describe and remedy them. Fourth, we will address issues about searchability and integration of Open Data and discuss in how far semantic search can help to overcome these. We close with briefly summarizing further issues not covered explicitly herein, such as multi-linguality, temporal aspects (archiving, evolution, temporal querying), as well as how/whether OWL and RDFS reasoning on top of integrated open data could be help.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.w3.org/2001/sw/, last accessed 30/03/2017.

  2. 2.

    https://www.w3.org/2013/data/, last accessed 30/03/2017.

  3. 3.

    http://wiki.dbpedia.org/about/facts-figures, last accessed 30/03/2017.

  4. 4.

    http://www.rdfhdt.org/datasets/, last accessed 30/03/2017.

  5. 5.

    Executing the SPARQL query SELECT (count(*) as ?C) WHERE {?S ?P ?O } on https://query.wikidata.org/ gives 1.7B triples, last accessed 30/03/2017.

  6. 6.

    http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Planet.osm, last accessed 30/03/2017.

  7. 7.

    That is, within your published RDF graph, use HTTP URIs pointing to other dereferenceable documents, that possibly contain further RDF graphs.

  8. 8.

    http://commoncrawl.org/, last accessed 30/03/2017.

  9. 9.

    https://ckan.org/, last accessed 30/3/2017.

  10. 10.

    https://socrata.com/, last accessed 30/3/2017.

  11. 11.

    https://data.humdata.org/, last accessed 27/3/2017.

  12. 12.

    http://opendefinition.org/ofd/, last accessed 30/03/2017.

  13. 13.

    The numbers for the RDF serializations JSON-LD (8 resources) and TTL (55) are vanishingly small.

  14. 14.

    DCAT is a vocabulary commonly used for describing general metadata about datasets. See Sect. 5.2 for mapping and homogenization of metadata descriptions using standard vocabularies.

  15. 15.

    For instance, see Converter Tools on https://project-open-data.cio.gov/, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  16. 16.

    https://developers.google.com/kml/documentation/, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  17. 17.

    http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/gml, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  18. 18.

    http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wfs, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  19. 19.

    https://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-30/, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  20. 20.

    https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-30/, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  21. 21.

    https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  22. 22.

    https://www.w3.org/XML/Schema, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  23. 23.

    https://www.w3.org/community/rax/, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  24. 24.

    http://lod-cloud.net/state/state_2014/#toc10, last accessed 01/05/2017.

  25. 25.

    http://extensions.ckan.org/extension/harvest/, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  26. 26.

    http://docs.ckan.org/projects/ckanext-spatial/en/latest/, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  27. 27.

    https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/asset/dcat_application_profile/description, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  28. 28.

    Google Research Blog entry, https://research.googleblog.com/2017/01/facilitating-discovery-of-public.html, last accessed 27/01/2017.

  29. 29.

    https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dqv/, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  30. 30.

    http://data.wu.ac.at/csvengine, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  31. 31.

    https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  32. 32.

    https://www.opendatanetwork.com, last accessed 24/03/2017.

  33. 33.

    https://dev.socrata.com, last accessed 24/03/2017.

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Acknowledgements

The work presented in this paper has been supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) under the projects ADEQUATe (grant no. 849982) and DALICC (grant no. 855396).

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  1. Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria

    Sebastian Neumaier, Axel Polleres, Simon Steyskal & Jürgen Umbrich

  2. Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Axel Polleres

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Neumaier, S., Polleres, A., Steyskal, S., Umbrich, J. (2017). Data Integration for Open Data on the Web. In: Ianni, G., et al. Reasoning Web. Semantic Interoperability on the Web. Reasoning Web 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10370. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61033-7_1

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