Abstract
Emotions are psychological phenomena present in the living beings. However, there is still no consensus for a more precise definition of the emotions. As a complex concept, the emotions can be part of a robot model for different usage in variety of robots. This paper presents the state of the art of robot behavior models that use emotions in a chronological order. The aim of this paper is to formalize the usage of emotion in robotics. Thus, a definition and explanation of a set of distinct parts in robotic models influenced by emotions is proposed. On the other hand, the properties of robots that use emotions, the so-called emotional robots, are also explored. As a result, the most important different properties that emotional robots should possess are retrieved and explained in detail. The aim of the formalism presented in this paper is to give tribute to the work already done and to give possible directions for the future work with emotional robots.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ekman, P.: Basic emotions. In: Dalgeleish, T., Power, M. (eds.) Handbook of Cognition and Emotion. Wiley, New York (1999)
Braezael, C.: Function meets style: insights from emotion theory applied in HRI. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C Appl. Rev. 2(34), 187–194 (2004)
Mowrer, O.H.: Learning Theory and Behavior. Wiley, New York (1960)
Bozinovski, S.: A self-learning system using secondary reinforcement. In: Trappl, R. (ed.) Cybernetics and System Research, pp. 397–402. Elsevier, North-Holland (1982)
Bozinovski, S.: Crossbar adaptive array: the first connectionist network that solved the delayed reinforcement learning problem. In: Dobnikar, A., Steele, N., Pearson, D., Albert, R. (eds.) Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms. Spriger, Vienna (1999)
Sequeira, P.: Socio-emotional reward design for intrinsically motivated learning agents. Ph.D. thesis. Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa (2013)
Gadino, S.P.: Reinforcement learning in autonomous robots: an empirical investigation of the role of emotions. Ph.D. thesis. University of Edinburg (1999)
Broekens, J.: Emotion and reinforcement: affective facial expressions facilitate robot learning. In: Huang, Thomas S., Nijholt, A., Pantic, M., Pentland, A. (eds.) Artifical Intelligence for Human Computing. LNCS, vol. 4451, pp. 113–132. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72348-6_6
Murphy, R.R., Lisetti, C., Tardiff, R., Irish, L., Gage, A.: Emotion based control of cooperating heterogeneous mobile robots. IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom. 18(5), 744–757 (2002)
Hollinger, G., Georgiev, Y., Manfredi, A., Maxwell, B.A., Pezzementi, Z.A., Mitchell, B.: Design of a social mobile robot using emotion-based decision mechanisms. In: 2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp. 3093–3098 (2006)
Lin, L.J.: Reinforcement learning for robots using neural networks. Ph.D. thesis. Carnegie Mellon University (1993)
Gadanho, S.S., Hallam, J.: Emotion-triggered learning for autonomous robots. In: Workshop at the 5th International Conference of the Society for Adaptive Behavior, Zurich (1998)
Gadanho, S., Hallam, J.: Emotion-triggered learning in autonomous robot control. Cybern. Syst. 32(5), 531–559 (2001)
Moshkina, L., Arkin, R.C.: On TAMEing robots. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Washington, DC, USA (2003)
Jitviriya, W., Koike, M., Hayashi, E.: Emotional model for robotic system using a self-organizing map combined with Markovian model. J. Robot. Mech. 5(27), 563–570 (2015)
Watada, S., Obayashi, M., Kuremoto, T., Mabu, S.: A decision making system of robots introducing a re-construction of emotions based on their own experiences. J. Robot. Netw. Artif. Life 1(1), 27–32 (2014)
Kirandziska, V., Ackovska, N.: A robot that perceives human emotions and implications in human-robot interaction. In: Proceedings of IEEE RO-MAN 2014, Edinburgh, pp. 495–498 (2014)
Kirandziska, V., Ackovska, N., Madevska Bogdanova, A.: Comparing emotion recognition from voice and facial data using time invariant features. Int. J. Comput. Electr. Autom. Control Inf. Eng. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. 5(10), 737–741 (2016)
Kirandziska, V., Ackovska, N.: A concept for building more humanlike social robots and their ethical consequence. In: Proceedings of the International Conferences, ICT, Society and Human Beings (MCCSIS), 15–19 July, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 37–44 (2014). (Best Paper)
Ackovska, N.: Taxonomy of learning agents. In: Didactical Modeling Annals, vol. 4 (2010/2011)
Xin, L., Lun, X., Zhi-Iang, W., Dong-mei, F.: Robot emotion and performance regulation based on HMM. Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst. 10, 1–6 (2013)
Bartneck, C., Forlizzi, J.: A design-centered Framework for social-human interaction. In: Ro-Man 2004, Kurashiki, Okayama Japan, pp. 591–594. IEEE (2004)
Yang, F., Zhen, X.: Research on the Agent’s behavior decision-making based on artificial emotion. J. Inf. Comput. Sci. 8(11), 2722–2723 (2014)
Damasio, A.R.: Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Research and Human Brain. Penguin Publ. Group, New York (2005)
Wang, Z.I.: Artificial psychology and artificial emotions. CAAI Trans. Intell. Syst. 1, 38–43 (2006)
Scheutz, M.: Using roles of emotions in artificial agents: a case study from artificial life. In: Proceedings AAAI, San Jose, California, pp. 42–48 (2004)
Arkin, R.C.: Moving up the food chain: motivation and emotion in behavior-based robots. In: Fellous, J. (ed.) Who Needs Emotions: The Brain Meets the Robot. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2005)
Rao, R.P.N., Shon, A.P., Maltzoff, A.N.: A Bayesian model of imitation in infants and robots. In: Nehaniev, C.L., Dautenhahn, K. (eds.) Imitation and Social Learning in Robots, Humans and Animals, pp. 217–247. Camridge University Press, New York (2007)
Fong, T., Nourbakhsh, I., Dautenhahn, K.: A Survey of socially interactive robots: concepts, design and applications. Technical report CMU-RI-TR, no. 29 (2002)
Brooks, R.A., Breazeal, C., Marjanović, M., Scassellati, B., Williamson, M.M.: The cog project: building a humanoid robot. In: Nehaniv, C.L. (ed.) CMAA 1998. LNCS(LNAI), vol. 1562, pp. 52–87. Springer, Heidelberg (1999). doi:10.1007/3-540-48834-0_5
Scheeff, M., et al.: Expressions with sparky: a social robot. In: Proceedings of the Workshop Interactive Robot Entertainment (2000)
Ekman, P., Freisen, W.: Measuring facial movement with Facial Action Coding System. In: Ekman, P. (ed.) Emotion in the Human Face. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1982)
Shibata, T., et al.: Mental commit robot and its application to therapy of children. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on AIM (2001)
Zecca, M., Yu, M., Endo, K., Iida, F., Kawabata, Y., Endo, N., Itoh, K., Takanishi, A.: Whole body emotion expressions for KOBIAN humanoid robot - Preliminary experiments with different emotional patterns. In: IEEE RO-MAN (2009)
Braezal, C.: Designing Sociable Robots. MIT Press, Cambridge (2002)
Ackovska, N.: System software in minimal biological systems (in Macedonian). Ph.D. thesis, St. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje (2008)
Nanty, A., Gelin, R.: Fuzzy controlled PAD emotional state of a NAO robot. In: Proceedings of Conference on Technologies and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Washington, pp. 90–96 (2013)
Manohar, V., Crandall, J.W.: Programming robots to express emotions: Interaction paradigms, communication modalities and context. IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst. 44(3), 362–373 (2014)
Erden, M.S.: Emotional postures for the humanoid robot Nao. Int. J. Soc. Robot. 5(4), 441–456 (2013)
Tanevska, A., Ackovska, N., Kirandziska, V.: Robot-assisted therapy: considering the social and ethical aspects when working with autistic children. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Human-Friendly Robotics - HFR 2016, Genova, pp. 57–60 (2016)
Tanevska, A., Ackovska, N., Kirandziska, V.: Assistive robotics as therapy for autistic children. In: International Conference for Electronics, Telecommunications, Automation and Informatics, Struga (2016)
Nao, The robot able develop emotions form bond humans. Daily Mail Reporter, 13 August 2010
Guizzo, E.: Meet Pepper, Aldebaran’s New Personal Robot With an “Emotion Engine”. IEEE Spectrum, 5 June 2014
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kirandziska, V., Ackovska, N. (2017). Tendencies and Perspectives of the Emotions Usage in Robotics. In: Trajanov, D., Bakeva, V. (eds) ICT Innovations 2017. ICT Innovations 2017. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 778. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67597-8_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67597-8_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-67596-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-67597-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)