Abstract
In this paper we study the impact of imperfect-orthogonality in LoRa spreading factors (SFs) in simulation and real-world experiments. First, we analyze LoRa modulation numerically and show that collisions between packets of different SFs can indeed cause packet loss if the interference power received is strong enough. Second, we validate such findings using commercial devices, confirming our numerical results. Third, we modified and extended LoRaSim, an open-source LoRa simulator, to measure the impact of inter-SF collisions and fading (which was not taken into account previously in the simulator). Our results show that non-orthogonality of the SFs can deteriorate significantly the performance especially of higher SFs (10 to 12) and that fading has virtually no impact when multiple gateways are available in space diversity.
This work has been partially supported by EU funded research project symbIoTe, H2020-ICT-2015 grant agreement number 688156.
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Notes
- 1.
We omit the case of collisions between packets of different BW for the sake of simplicity.
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Croce, D., Gucciardo, M., Tinnirello, I., Garlisi, D., Mangione, S. (2017). Impact of Spreading Factor Imperfect Orthogonality in LoRa Communications. In: Piva, A., Tinnirello, I., Morosi, S. (eds) Digital Communication. Towards a Smart and Secure Future Internet. TIWDC 2017. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 766. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67639-5_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67639-5_13
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