Skip to main content

Analysis of References Across Wikipedia Languages

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 756))

Abstract

Reliable information sources are important to assess content quality in Wikipedia. Using references readers can verify facts or find more details about described topic. Each Wikipedia article can have over 290 language versions. As articles can be edited independently in any language, even by anonymous users, the information about the same topic may be inconsistent. This also applies to sources that can be found in various language versions of particular article, so the same statement can have different sources. In some cases, Wikipedia users, which speak two or more languages, can transfer information with references between language versions. This paper presents an analysis of using common references in over 10 million articles in several Wikipedia language editions: English, German, French, Russian, Polish, Ukrainian, Belarussian. Also, the study shows the use of similar sources and their number in language sensitive topics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org.

  2. 2.

    Information about the number of scientific publications is taken from https://www.scopus.com where search query was REF(wikipedia.org/wiki) in works published in 2008–2017.

  3. 3.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_article_criteria.

  4. 4.

    http://wikirank.net.

  5. 5.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Unreferenced.

  6. 6.

    Also can be < ref name=“…” > </ref > or < ref name=“…”/>.

  7. 7.

    http://www.worldcat.org.

  8. 8.

    https://scholar.google.com.

  9. 9.

    https://academic.microsoft.com/.

  10. 10.

    http://www.dbpedia.org.

  11. 11.

    https://www.wikidata.org.

References

  1. Węcel, K., Lewoniewski, W.: Modelling the quality of attributes in wikipedia infoboxes. In: Abramowicz, W. (ed.) BIS 2015. LNBIP, vol. 228, pp. 308–320. Springer, Cham (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26762-3_27

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Warncke-Wang, M., Cosley, D., Riedl, J.: Tell me more: an actionable quality model for wikipedia. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Open Collaboration (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lewoniewski, W., Węcel, K., Abramowicz, W.: Quality and importance of wikipedia articles in different languages. In: Dregvaite, G., Damasevicius, R. (eds.) ICIST 2016. CCIS, vol. 639, pp. 613–624. Springer, Cham (2016). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46254-7_50

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Bould, M.D., Hladkowicz, E.S., Pigford, A.A.E., Ufholz, L.A., Postonogova, T., Shin, E., Boet, S.: References that anyone can edit: review of Wikipedia citations in peer reviewed health science literature. BMJ, vol. 348 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kousha, K., Thelwall, M.: Are Wikipedia citations important evidence of the impact of scholarly articles and books? J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 68(3), 762–779 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Lin, J., Fenner, M.: An analysis of Wikipedia references across PLOS publications. In: Expanding Impacts and Metrics, An ACM Web Science Conference 2014 Workshop, pp. 23–26 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Luyt, B., Tan, D.: Improving Wikipedia’s credibility: References and citations in a sample of history articles. J. Am. Soc. Inform. Sci. Technol. 61(4), 715–722 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Nielsen, F.Å.: Scientific citations in wikipedia. First Monday 12(8) (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Page, R.D.: Wikipedia as an encyclopaedia of life. Org. Divers. Evol. 10(4), 343–349 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Mesgari, M., Okoli, C., Mehdi, M., Nielsen, F.Å., Lanamäki, A.: “The sum of all human knowledge”: A systematic review of scholarly research on the content of Wikipedia. J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 66(2), 219–245 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Anderka, M.: Analyzing and Predicting Quality Flaws in User-generated Content: The Case of Wikipedia, Doctoral dissertation, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Germany (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Teplitskiy, M., Lu, G., Duede, E.: Amplifying the impact of open access: Wikipedia and the diffusion of science. J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 68(9), 2116–2127 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Włodzimierz Lewoniewski .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

Lewoniewski, W., Węcel, K., Abramowicz, W. (2017). Analysis of References Across Wikipedia Languages. In: Damaševičius, R., Mikašytė, V. (eds) Information and Software Technologies. ICIST 2017. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 756. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67642-5_47

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67642-5_47

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-67641-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-67642-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics