Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Wireless Datapaths and Security

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Implantable Sensors and Systems

  • 2455 Accesses

Abstract

For Implantable Medical Devices (IMD), we have discussed in the previous chapters the technical challenges related to biocompatible materials, flexible fabrication processes, system-on-chip design, low-power operation, and packaging. Increasingly advanced computing capabilities found in IMDs and networking technologies can further broaden the applications and enhance the functions of these devices. However, they can only make a real impact on healthcare when a high level of security is incorporated in these devices. This chapter discusses the relationship between different components of an IMD security system under intrinsic resource constraints. A qualitative overview of the strategies commonly used to provide a secure implant system is provided and the chapter covers the design considerations of lightweight and no-hardware-intensive algorithms for implants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ACL:

Control access list

AOA:

Angle of arrival

ASIC:

Application specific integrated circuit

BCC:

Body-coupled communication

CA:

Cellar automata

CMOS:

Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

DTOA:

Differential time of arrival

ECC:

Error correcting codes

EEG:

Electroencephalogram

EMA:

European Medicines Agency

ESDS:

ECG-based secret data sharing

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

GE:

Gate equivalents

IID:

Independent-identically distributed

IMD:

Implantable device

LFSR:

Linear feedback shift register

LPN:

Learning parity in the presence of noise

MAC:

Message authentication code

MICS:

Medical Implant Communication System

NFC:

Near-field communication

NFSR:

Nonlinear feedback shift register

OTP:

One-time pads

PKI:

Public-key infrastructure

PRG:

Pseudorandom generator

RAM:

Random access memory

RF:

Radiofrequency

RFID:

Radiofrequency identification

RN:

Random number

RSSI:

Received signal strength indicator

RV:

Random variable

SHA:

Secure hash algorithm

TOA:

Time-of-arrival

USRP:

Universal software radio peripheral

WMTS:

Wireless Medical Telemetry Services

References

  1. S. Hosseini-Khayat, A lightweight security protocol for ultra-low power ASIC implementation for wireless medical devices, in IEEE 5th International Conference on Medical Information & Communication Technology (ISMICT), pp. 6–9 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  2. C. Camara et al., Security and privacy issues in implantable medical devices: a comprehensive survey. J. Biomed. Inform. 55, 272–289 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. X. Hei et al., PIPAC: patient infusion pattern based access control scheme for wireless insulin pump system, in IEEE Proceedings INFOCOM, pp. 3030–3038 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  4. M. Zhang et al., Trustworthiness of medical devices and body area networks. Proc. IEEE 102(8) (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  5. H. Martin et al., An estimator for the ASIC footprint area of lightweight cryptographic algorithms. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. 10(2) (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Q. Yang et al., An on-chip security guard based on zero-power authentication for implantable medical devices, in IEEE 57th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), pp. 531–534 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  7. K. Daniluk E.N. Szynkiewicz, Energy-efficient security in implantable medical devices, in IEEE Proceedings of the Federal Conference on Computer Science and Systems (FedCSIS), pp. 773–778 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  8. M. Rushanan et al., SoK: security and privacy in implantable medical devices and body area networks, in IEEE 14th Symposium on Security and Privacy, pp. 524–539 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  9. D. Halperin et al., Pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators: software radio attacks and zero-power defences, in IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, pp. 129–142 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  10. C. Li et al., Hijacking an insulin pump: security attacks and defences for a diabetes therapy system, in IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Health Networking Applications and Software (Healthcom), pp. 150–156 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  11. M. Rostami et al., Balancing security and utility in medical devices?, in ACM/EDAC/IEEE 50th Design Automation Conference (DAC), pp. 1–6 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  12. X. Hei, X. Du, Biometric-based two-level secure access control for implantable medical devices during emergencies, in IEEE Proceedings on INFOCOM, pp. 346–350 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Z. Ankarali et al., A comparative review on the wireless implantable medical devices privacy and security, in EAI 4th International Conference on Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare (Mobihealth), pp. 246–249 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  14. G. Zheng et al., Securing wireless medical implants using an ECG-based secret data sharing scheme, in IEEE International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2014

    Google Scholar 

  15. G. Zheng et al., Encryption for implantable medical devices using modified one-time pads. IEEE Open Access J. 3, 825–836 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. T. Denning et al., Absence makes the heart grow fonder: new directions for implantable medical devices security, in Proceedings 3rd Conference on Hot Topics in Security, no. 5, USENIX Association, 2008

    Google Scholar 

  17. S. Gollakota et al., IMD Shield: Securing Implantable Medical Devices (Poster) (USENIX Association, 2011)

    Google Scholar 

  18. G. Zheng et al., A non-key based security scheme supporting emergency treatment of wireless implants, in IEEE ICC Symposium on Communication and Information Systems Security, 2014

    Google Scholar 

  19. F. Xu et al., IMDGuard: securing implantable medical devices with the external wearable guardian, in IEEE Proceedings on INFOCOM, pp. 1862–1870 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  20. M. Zhang et al., MedMon: securing medical devices through wireless monitoring and anomaly detection. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst. 7(6), 2013

    Google Scholar 

  21. M. O’Neill, M.J.B. Robshaw, Low-cost digital signature architecture suitable for radio frequency identification tags. IET Comput. Digit. Tech. 4(1), 14–26 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Juels, Minimalist cryptography for low-cost RFID tags, in Proceedings International Conference Security in Communication Networks CSN 2004, Amalfi, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  23. J.H. Oh et al., A light-weight security protocol for RFID system, in 7th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, 2007

    Google Scholar 

  24. M. Burmester, J. Munilla, Lightweight RFID authentication with forward and backward security, in ACM Transactions on Information and Systems Security, May 2011

    Google Scholar 

  25. D. Coppersmith et al., The shrinking generator, Proceedings Advances in Cryptology (LNCS, Springer, Berlin, 1993) pp. 22–39

    Google Scholar 

  26. N.J. Hopper, M. Blum, Secure human identification protocols, in Proceedings 7th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security: advances in Cryptology, ed. by C. Boyd, pp. 52–66 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  27. H. Gilbert et al., HB#: increasing the security and efficiency of HB+, Lecture notes in Computer Science, vol 4965 (Springer, Berlin, 2008), pp. 361–378

    Google Scholar 

  28. M. S. Mamum, A. Miyaji, A fully-secure RFID authentication protocol from exact LPN assumption, in Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security, and Privacy in Computing and Communications, 2013

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. Jain et al., Commitments and efficient zero-knowledge proofs from learning parity with noise. ASIACRYPT 2012 Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 7658, 663–680 (2012)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. A. Shamir, SQUASH—a new MAC with provable security properties for highly constrained devices such as RFID tags, in Proceedings Fast Software Encryption, pp. 144–157 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  31. S. Wolfram, A New Kind of Science (Wolfram Media Inc., Champaign, IL, 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  32. S. Wolfram, Cryptography with cellular automata. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 218 (Springer, Berlin, 1986), pp. 429–432

    Google Scholar 

  33. C.K. Koc, A.M. Apohan, Inversion of cellular automata iterations. IEEE Proc. Comput. Digital Tech. 144(5), 279–284 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. P. Ping et al., Image encryption based on non-affine and balanced cellular automata. Sig. Process. 105, 419–429 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. S.R. Blackburn et al., Comments on—theory and applications of cellular automata in cryptography. IEEE Trans. Comput. 46(5), 637–639 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  36. M. Scaban et al., Collective behaviour of rules for cellular automata-based stream ciphers, in Proceedings Congress Evolutionary Computation, Vancouver, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  37. M. Seredynski et al., Reversible cellular automata based encryption, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3222, pp. 411–418 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  38. G. Alvarex et al., A secure scheme to share secret color images. Comput. Phys. Commun. 173(1–2) (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  39. R.J. Chen, J.L. Lai, Image security system using recursive cellular automata substitution. Pattern Recognit. 40(5), 1621–1631 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  40. E. Pasalic, C. Carlet, Algebraic attacks and decomposition of Boolean functions, in Proceedings EUROCRYPT, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3027, pp. 474–491, 2204

    Google Scholar 

  41. J.C. Castro et al., The strict avalanche criterion randomness test. Math. Comput. Simul. 68, 1–7 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  42. T. Siegenthaler, Correlation-immunity of nonlinear combining functions for cryptographic applications, in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 31, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  43. N. Courtois, W. Meier, Algebraic attacks on stream ciphers with linear feedback, Advances in Cryptology, EUROCRYPT 2003, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2656 (Springer, Berlin, 2003), pp. 346–359

    Google Scholar 

  44. N.T. Courtois, Higher order correlation attacks, XL algorithm and cryptanalysis of toyocrypt. Inf. Secur. Cryptol. Proc. ICISC 2002 Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 2587, 182–199 (2002)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  45. L.R. Simpson et al., LILI keystream generator. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 2012, 248–261 (2001)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  46. N. Courtois, J. Pieprzyk, Cryptanalysis of block ciphers with overdefined systems of equations. ASIACRYPT 2002 Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 2501, 267–287 (2002)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  47. C. Berbain et al., Cryptanalysis of Grain, in Proceedings FSE’06, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4047 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  48. M. Hell et al., Grain—a stream cipher for constrained environments. ECRYPT 2005 Int. J. Wireless Mobile Comput. 2(1), 86–93 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK

    B. Gil, H. Ip & Guang-Zhong Yang

Authors
  1. B. Gil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. Ip
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Guang-Zhong Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Gil .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

    Guang-Zhong Yang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gil, B., Ip, H., Yang, GZ. (2018). Wireless Datapaths and Security. In: Yang, GZ. (eds) Implantable Sensors and Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69748-2_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69748-2_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-69747-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-69748-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics