Abstract
Serial matrices are a preferred choice for building diffusion layers of lightweight block ciphers as one just needs to implement the last row of such a matrix. In this work we analyze a new class of serial matrices which are the lightest possible \(4 \times 4\) serial matrix that can be used to build diffusion layers. With this new matrix we show that block ciphers like LED can be implemented with a reduced area in hardware designs, though it has to be cycled for more iterations. Further, we suggest the usage of an alternative S-box to the standard S-box used in LED with similar cryptographic robustness, albeit having lesser area footprint. Finally, we combine these ideas in an end-end FPGA based prototype of LED. We show that with these optimizations, there is a reduction of \(16\% \) in area footprint of one round implementation of LED.
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Notes
- 1.
The term “perfect diffusion layer” was coined by Vaudenay in [22] wherein he suggested for the first time that MDS matrices can be used to design linear diffusion layers.
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Sarkar, S., Syed, H., Sadhukhan, R., Mukhopadhyay, D. (2017). Lightweight Design Choices for LED-like Block Ciphers. In: Patra, A., Smart, N. (eds) Progress in Cryptology – INDOCRYPT 2017. INDOCRYPT 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10698. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71667-1_14
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