Skip to main content

Evaluation of Techniques to Detect Wrong Interaction Based Trace Links

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ 2018)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 10753))

Abstract

[Context and Motivation] In projects where trace links are created and used continuously during the development, it is important to support developers with an automatic trace link creation approach with high precision. In our previous study we showed that our interaction based trace link creation approach achieves 100% precision and 80% relative recall and thus performs better than traditional IR based approaches. [Question/problem] In this study we wanted to confirm our previous results with a data set including a gold standard created by developers. Moreover we planned further optimization and fine tuning of our trace link creation approach. [Principal ideas/results] We performed the study within a student project. It turned out that in this study our approach achieved only 50% precision. This means that developers also worked on code not relevant for the requirement while interactions were recorded. In order to improve precision we evaluated different techniques to identify relevant trace link candidates such as focus on edit interactions or thresholds for frequency and duration of trace link candidates. We also evaluated different techniques to identify irrelevant code such as the developer who created the code or code which is not related to other code in an interaction log. [Contribution] Our results show that only some of the techniques led to a considerably improvement of precision. We could improve precision almost up to 70 % while keeping recall above 45% which is much better than IR-based link creation. The evaluations show that the full benefits of an interaction based approach highly depend on the discipline of the developers when recording interactions for a specific requirement. Further research is necessary how to support the application of our approach in a less disciplined context.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira.

  2. 2.

    https://www.mongodb.com/.

  3. 3.

    https://reactjs.org/.

  4. 4.

    https://www.jetbrains.com/webstorm/.

  5. 5.

    https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/.

  6. 6.

    http://www.nltk.org/.

  7. 7.

    http://esprima.org/.

References

  1. Baeza-Yates, R., Ribeiro-Neto, B.: Modern Information Retrieval, 2nd edn. Pearson/Addison-Wesley, Harlow, Munich (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Borg, M., Runeson, P., Ardö, A.: Recovering from a decade: a systematic mapping of information retrieval approaches to software traceability. Empir. Softw. Eng. 19(6), 1–52 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Briand, L., Falessi, D., Nejati, S., Sabetzadeh, M., Yue, T.: Traceability and SysML design slices to support safety inspections. ACM ToSEM 23(1), 1–43 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. De Lucia, A., Di Penta, M., Oliveto, R.: Improving source code lexicon via traceability and information retrieval. IEEE TSE 37(2), 205–227 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  5. De Lucia, A., Fasano, F., Oliveto, R., Tortora, G.: Recovering traceability links in software artifact management systems using information retrieval methods. ACM ToSEM 16(4), 1–50 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Delater, A., Paech, B.: Tracing requirements and source code during software development: an empirical study. In: International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, Baltimore, MD, USA, pp. 25–34. IEEE/ACM, October 2013

    Google Scholar 

  7. Falessi, D., Di Penta, M., Canfora, G., Cantone, G.: Estimating the number of remaining links in traceability recovery. Empir. Softw. Eng. 22(3), 996–1027 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Gotel, O., Cleland-Huang, J., Hayes, J.H., Zisman, A., Egyed, A., Grunbacher, P., Antoniol, G.: The quest for ubiquity: a roadmap for software and systems traceability research. In: RE Conference, pp. 71–80. IEEE, September 2012

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hayes, J., Dekhtyar, A., Sundaram, S.: Advancing candidate link generation for requirements tracing: the study of methods. IEEE TSE 32(1), 4–19 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hübner, P.: Quality improvements for trace links between source code and requirements. In: REFSQ Workshops, Doctoral Symposium, Research Method Track, and Poster Track, Gothenburg, Sweden, vol. 1564. CEUR-WS (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hübner, P., Paech, B.: Using interaction data for continuous creation of trace links between source code and requirements in issue tracking systems. In: Grünbacher, P., Perini, A. (eds.) REFSQ 2017. LNCS, vol. 10153, pp. 291–307. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54045-0_21

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Konopka, M., Navrat, P., Bielikova, M.: Poster: discovering code dependencies by harnessing developer’s activity. In: ICSE, pp. 801–802. IEEE/ACM, May 2015

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kuang, H., Nie, J., Hu, H., Rempel, P., Lü, J., Egyed, A., Mäder, P.: Analyzing closeness of code dependencies for improving IR-based traceability recovery. In: SANER, pp. 68–78. IEEE, February 2017

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kuang, H., Mäder, P., Hu, H., Ghabi, A., Huang, L., Lü, J., Egyed, A.: Can method data dependencies support the assessment of traceability between requirements and source code? J. Softw. Evol. Process 27(11), 838–866 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Maalej, W., Kurtanovic, Z., Felfernig, A.: What stakeholders need to know about requirements. In: EmpiRE, pp. 64–71. IEEE, August 2014

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mäder, P., Egyed, A.: Do developers benefit from requirements traceability when evolving and maintaining a software system? Empir. Softw. Eng. 20(2), 413–441 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Merten, T., Falisy, M., Hübner, P., Quirchmayr, T., Bürsner, S., Paech, B.: Software feature request detection in issue tracking systems. In: RE Conference. IEEE, September 2016

    Google Scholar 

  18. Merten, T., Krämer, D., Mager, B., Schell, P., Bürsner, S., Paech, B.: Do information retrieval algorithms for automated traceability perform effectively on issue tracking system data? In: Daneva, M., Pastor, O. (eds.) REFSQ 2016. LNCS, vol. 9619, pp. 45–62. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30282-9_4

    Google Scholar 

  19. Niu, N., Mahmoud, A.: Enhancing candidate link generation for requirements tracing: the cluster hypothesis revisited. In: RE Conference, pp. 81–90. IEEE, September 2012

    Google Scholar 

  20. Omoronyia, I., Sindre, G., Roper, M., Ferguson, J., Wood, M.: Use case to source code traceability: the developer navigation view point. In: RE Conference, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 237–242. IEEE, August 2009

    Google Scholar 

  21. Seiler, M., Paech, B.: Using tags to support feature management across issue tracking systems and version control systems. In: Grünbacher, P., Perini, A. (eds.) REFSQ 2017. LNCS, vol. 10153, pp. 174–180. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54045-0_13

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Soh, Z., Khomh, F., Guéhéneuc, Y.G., Antoniol, G.: Noise in Mylyn interaction traces and its impact on developers and recommendation systems. Empir. Softw. Eng. 1–48 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-017-9529-x

Download references

Acknowledgment

We thank the students of the project for the effort.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paul Hübner .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Hübner, P., Paech, B. (2018). Evaluation of Techniques to Detect Wrong Interaction Based Trace Links. In: Kamsties, E., Horkoff, J., Dalpiaz, F. (eds) Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality. REFSQ 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10753. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77243-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77243-1_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-77242-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-77243-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics