Abstract
Audio description (AD) is an audiovisual translation technique targeted to visually impaired people enabling them the full access of visual content. This technique can be applied in several contexts, as is the case of Television, where a professional storyteller describes the visual scenes not perceptible by viewers with blindness and low vision, based on a pre-produced script made by a screenwriter. In this way, the production of AD is a costly and complex process, involving different professionals and procedures. Besides that, many countries, like Portugal, do not respect the minimum obligations mandated by the law related to the use of audio description in television programs. Despite this scenario, the current television eco-system provides possibilities to enhance this technique, leveraging the number of audio described TV content for people with visual impairment. In order to change this situation, we intend to develop a platform that supports AD production for television programs based on a voluntary model.
In this context, the paper aims to describe the platform, pointing out its functional requirements from a comparative study between the professional process of AD production and the voluntary approach to be developed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chaume, F.: The turn of audiovisual translation: new audiences and new technologies. Transl. Spaces 2(1), 105–123 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.2.06cha
Rádio Televisão Portuguesa (RTP): RTP Acessibilidades (2018). http://www.rtp.pt/wportal/acessibilidades/audiodescricao.php. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
Autoridade Nacional de Comunicações (ANACOM): Television Law - 8/2011 (2011). http://www.anacom.pt/render.jsp?contentId=1105582#.VdYYplVVikp. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
Instituto Nacional de EstatÃstica (INE): Censos - Resultados definitivos: Portugal - 2011 (2012). http://censos.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=CENSOS&xpgid=ine_censos_publicacao_det&contexto=pu&PUBLICACOESpub_boui=73212469&PUBLICACOESmodo=2&selTab=tab1&pcensos=61969554. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
Office of Communications (Ofcom), Audio Description makes the story clearer (2018). https://www.ofcom.org.uk/tv-radio-and-on-demand/information-for-industry/guidance/programme-guidance. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
The Audio Description Project (ADP): Top 60 Markets Which Must Provide Audio/Video Description (2018). http://www.acb.org/adp/tvfcctop60.html. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
Neves, J.: Imagens que se Ouvem – Guia de Audiodescrição, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Leiria (2011)
Oliveira, R., Abreu, J., Almeida, M.: Promoting interactive television (iTV) accessibility: an adapted service for users with visual impairments. Univers. Access Inf. Soc. 16(3), 533–544 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-016-0482-z
Organización Nacional de Ciegos Españoles (ONCE): Audesc Mobile: la audiodescripción en nuestra mano (2014). http://cidat.once.es/home.cfm?id=1516&nivel=2. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
Whatscine: Accesibilidad audiovisual en cines y television (2016). http://www.whatscine.es/. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
Campos, V., Araújo, T., Filho, G: CineAD: Um Sistema de Geração Automática de Roteiros de Audiodescrição. In: Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas MultimÃdia e Web (WebMedia) - IX Workshop de Teses e Dissertações (WTD) (2014). http://www.lbd.dcc.ufmg.br/colecoes/wtdwebmedia/2014/001.pdf
Domingues, L., et al.: GT-AaaS 2.0 - Acessibilidade como um Serviço com Foco em Pessoas com Deficiência Visual. In: 17º Workshop RNP (2016). http://wrnp.rnp.br/sites/wrnp2016/files/wrnp16_lamina_gtaaas_edit_v3.pdf
YouDescribe: A free accessibility tool for adding audio description to YouTube videos (2018). http://youdescribe.org/. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
Librivox: Acoustical liberation of books in the public domain (2018). https://librivox.org/. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
Projeto de Leitura Inclusiva Partilhada (PLIP): KITS PLIP (2018). http://plip.ipleiria.pt/dinamizacao. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal (BNP): Leitura para Deficientes Visuais – Recursos áudio (2018). http://www.bnportugal.pt/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=121&Itemid=155&lang=pt. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
National Talking Newspapers and Magazines (NTNM): About Our Service (2018). http://www.tnauk.org.uk/index.html. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
Parker, C., May, A., Mitchell, V., Burrows, A.: Capturing volunteered information for inclusive service design: potential benefits and challenges. Des. J. 16(2), 198–218 (2013). https://doi.org/10.2752/175630613X13584367984947
Paredes, H., Fernandes, H., Sousa, A., Fortes, R., Koch, F., Filipe, V., Barroso, J.: CanIHelp: a platform for inclusive collaboration. In: Antona, M., Stephanidis, C. (eds.) UAHCI 2015, Part II. LNCS, vol. 9176, pp. 474–483. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20681-3_45
HBB4ALL: Hybrid Broadcast Broadband For All - Connected TV Accessibility (2016). http://www.hbb4all.eu/. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
Oliveira, R., Abreu, J., Almeida, M.: Audio description in interactive television (iTV): proposal of a collaborative and voluntary approach. Procedia Comput. Sci. 100, 935–940 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.252
DCMP: Description Key (2018). http://descriptionkey.org/how_to_describe.html. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
Federal Register: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Standards and Guidelines (2017). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/01/18/2017-00395/information-and-communication-technology-ict-standards-and-guidelines. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
Bus Stop Youtube: The Interviewer - Captions & Audio Description (2015). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgRv4bSdLdU. Accessed 05 Jan 2018
Remael, A., Reviers, N., Vercauteren, G.: Introduction: basic audio description concepts. In: Remael, A., Reviers, N., Vercauteren, G. (eds.) Pictures Painted in Words: ADLAB Audio Description Guidelines. Edizioni Università di Trieste, Trieste (2015). http://www.adlabproject.eu/Docs/adlab%20book/index.html
Fryer, L.: An Introduction to Audio Description: A practical guide. Routledge, New York (2016)
Greening, J., Rai, S., Leen, P.: A Comparative Study of Audio Description Guidelines Prevalent in Different Countries. Media and Culture Department, Royal National Institute of Blind People, London (2010). http://audiodescription.co.uk/uploads/general/RNIB._AD_standards.pdf
Acknowledgements
Authors are grateful to FCT and FSE for the financial support to this research (ref. SFRH/BPD/112129/2015) under the 3rd European community support framework.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this paper
Cite this paper
Oliveira, R., de Abreu, J.F., Almeida, A.M. (2018). Audio Description of Television Programs: A Voluntary Production Approach. In: Abásolo, M., Abreu, J., Almeida, P., Silva, T. (eds) Applications and Usability of Interactive Television. jAUTI 2017. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 813. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90170-1_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90170-1_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90169-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90170-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)