Abstract
The advent of blockchain sheds light on addressing trust issues of peer-to-peer networks by providing a distributed tamper-resistant ledger. Beyond cryptocurrencies, it is believed that blockchain can also be used to protect other properties such as reputation. Most of the existing studies of enhancing reputation systems using blockchains are built on top of the bitcoin-like blockchains, so they are inherently constrained by the low-efficiency and high-consumption of the underlying blockchain. To fill this gap, we present a reputation-based consensus protocol called Proof of Reputation (PoR), which guarantees the reliability and integrity of transaction outcomes in an efficient way. In PoR, we let reputation serves as the incentive for both good behavior and block publication instead of digital coins, therefore no miners are needed. We also implement a prototype and our scalability experiments show that our protocol can scale to over a thousand participants in a peer-to-peer network with throughput of hundreds of transactions per second.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Nakamoto, S.: Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system (2008)
Swan, M.: Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy. O’Reilly Media Inc., Sebastopol (2015)
Kalodner, H.A., Carlsten, M., Ellenbogen, P., Bonneau, J., Narayanan, A.: An empirical study of Namecoin and lessons for decentralized namespace design. In: WEIS (2015)
Carlsten, M., Kalodner, H., Weinberg, S.M., Narayanan, A.: On the instability of bitcoin without the block reward. In: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 154–167. ACM (2016)
Gupta, M., Judge, P., Ammar, M.: A reputation system for peer-to-peer networks. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, pp. 144–152. ACM (2003)
Selcuk, A.A., Uzun, E., Pariente, M.R.: A reputation-based trust management system for P2P networks. In: IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, CCGrid 2004, pp. 251–258. IEEE (2004)
Resnick, P., Zeckhauser, R.: Trust among strangers in internet transactions: empirical analysis of ebay’s reputation system. In: The Economics of the Internet and E-Commerce, pp. 127–157. Emerald Group Publishing Limited (2002)
Dewan, P., Dasgupta, P.: Securing reputation data in peer-to-peer networks. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems, PDCS (2004)
Shrier, D., Wu, W., Pentland, A.: Blockchain & infrastructure (identity, data security). Technical report (2016). http://cdn.resources.getsmarter.ac/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/MIT_Blockain_Whitepaper_PartThree.pdf. Accessed 27 Nov 2016
Wang, Y., Vassileva, J.: Trust and reputation model in peer-to-peer networks. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2P 2003), pp. 150–157. IEEE (2003)
Schiffner, S., Clauß, S., Steinbrecher, S.: Privacy, liveliness and fairness for reputation. In: Černá, I., Gyimóthy, T., Hromkovič, J., Jefferey, K., Králović, R., Vukolić, M., Wolf, S. (eds.) SOFSEM 2011. LNCS, vol. 6543, pp. 506–519. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18381-2_42
Kamvar, S.D., Schlosser, M.T., Garcia-Molina, H.: The Eigentrust algorithm for reputation management in P2P networks. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 640–651. ACM (2003)
Carboni, D.: Feedback based reputation on top of the bitcoin blockchain. arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.01504 (2015)
Dennis, R., Owen, G.: Rep on the block: a next generation reputation system based on the blockchain. In: 2015 10th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST), pp. 131–138. IEEE (2015)
Dennis, R., Owenson, G.: Rep on the roll: a peer to peer reputation system based on a rolling blockchain. Int. J. Digit. Soc. (IJDS) 7(1), 1123–1134 (2016)
Buechler, M., Eerabathini, M., Hockenbrocht, C., Wan, D.: Decentralized reputation system for transaction networks. Technical report, University of Pennsylvania (2015)
Schaub, A., Bazin, R., Hasan, O., Brunie, L.: A trustless privacy-preserving reputation system. In: Hoepman, J.H., Katzenbeisser, S. (eds.) SEC 2016. IFIP AICT, vol. 471, pp. 398–411. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33630-5_27
Otte, P., de Vos, M., Pouwelse, J.: TrustChain: a Sybil-resistant scalable blockchain. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. (2017)
Callegati, F., Cerroni, W., Ramilli, M.: Man-in-the-middle attack to the HTTPS protocol. IEEE Secur. Priv. 7(1), 78–81 (2009)
Sun, Y., Han, Z., Ray Liu, K.J.: Defense of trust management vulnerabilities in distributed networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 46(2), 112–119 (2008)
Dellarocas, C.: Mechanisms for coping with unfair ratings and discriminatory behavior in online reputation reporting systems. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-First International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2000, Brisbane, Australia, 10–13 December 2000, pp. 520–525 (2000)
Douceur, J.R.: The Sybil attack. In: Druschel, P., Kaashoek, F., Rowstron, A. (eds.) IPTPS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2429, pp. 251–260. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45748-8_24
Jøsang, A., Golbeck, J.: Challenges for robust trust and reputation systems. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Security and Trust Management (SMT 2009), Saint Malo, France, p. 52 (2009)
Eyal, I., Sirer, E.G.: Majority is not enough: bitcoin mining is vulnerable. In: Christin, N., Safavi-Naini, R. (eds.) FC 2014. LNCS, vol. 8437, pp. 436–454. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45472-5_28
Szydlo, M.: Merkle tree traversal in log space and time. In: Cachin, C., Camenisch, J.L. (eds.) EUROCRYPT 2004. LNCS, vol. 3027, pp. 541–554. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24676-3_32
Docker. https://www.docker.com
Rancher. http://rancher.com
Miller, A., Xia, Y., Croman, K., Shi, E., Song, D.: The honey badger of BFT protocols. In: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 31–42. ACM (2016)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gai, F., Wang, B., Deng, W., Peng, W. (2018). Proof of Reputation: A Reputation-Based Consensus Protocol for Peer-to-Peer Network. In: Pei, J., Manolopoulos, Y., Sadiq, S., Li, J. (eds) Database Systems for Advanced Applications. DASFAA 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10828. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91458-9_41
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91458-9_41
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-91457-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-91458-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)