Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Radiation Control Algorithms in Wireless Networks

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Mission-Oriented Sensor Networks and Systems: Art and Science

Part of the book series: Studies in Systems, Decision and Control ((SSDC,volume 164))

  • 817 Accesses

Abstract

Electromagnetic radiation, defined as the total amount of electromagnetic quantity that a target elementary surface is exposed to, is one of the main byproducts from the advancement and wide deployment of wireless distributed systems and ad hoc networks consisting of increasingly more powerful devices and diverse technology. Nevertheless, the extreme benefits of the latter have resulted in the emergence of a new research area in algorithmic network design, with main objective the control of the emitted radiation within such systems. In this chapter, we explore this new research area by presenting two quite distinct approaches for radiation control in wireless distributed systems. In particular, we first study the minimum radiation path problem of finding the lowest radiation trajectory of a person moving from a source to a destination point within the area of a network of wireless devices; this is particularly relevant in smart buildings. Second, we study the problem of efficiently charging a set of rechargeable nodes using a set of wireless energy chargers, under safety constraints on the electromagnetic radiation incurred. For both these problems, we provide hardness indications and theoretical results highlighting interesting structural and algorithmic properties. Furthermore, we present and analyze efficient algorithms and heuristics for approximating optimal solutions, namely minimum radiation trajectories and charging schemes, respectively. Finally, we present experimental evidence that not only verifies our theoretical results but also provide new insights that we could not obtain through analysis due to the inherent complexity of these problems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    For example, B may depend on the presence of obstacles in a smart building or the type of the human body part (different types of tissue, bones, etc.). The constant B also captures the linear relation of EMR with the received power. More details, as well as the relevant experimental verification can be found in [7].

References

  1. Angelopoulos, C.M., Nikoletseas, S., Patroumpa, D., Raptopoulos, C.: Radiation-aware data propagation in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Symposium on Mobility Management and Wireless Access, MobiWac ’12, pp. 11–18 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Angelopoulos, C.M., Nikoletseas, S., Raptis, T.P.: Wireless energy transfer in sensor networks with adaptive, limited knowledge protocols. Comput. Netw. 70, 113–141 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Angelopoulos, C.M., Nikoletseas, S., Raptis, T.P., Raptopoulos, C., Vasilakis, F.: Improving sensor network performance with wireless energy transfer. Int. J. Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput. 20(3), 159–171 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Angelopoulos, C.M., Nikoletseas, S.E., Patroumpa, D., Raptopoulos, C.: Radiation-aware data propagation in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Symposium on Mobility Management and Wireless Access (MOBIWAC), pp. 11–18 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Clementi, A.E.F., Pasquale, F., Silvestri, R.: MANETS: high mobility can make up for low transmission power. In: Proceedings of the 36th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP), pp. 387–398 (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Dai, H., Liu, Y., Chen, G., Wu, X., He, T.: Safe charging for wireless power transfer. In: INFOCOM, 2014 Proceedings IEEE, pp. 1105–1113 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM.2014.6848041

  7. Dai, H., Liu, Y., Chen, G., Wu, X., He, T.: Safe charging for wireless power transfer. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), pp. 1105–1113 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dai, H., Liu, Y., Chen, G., Wu, X., He, T.: SCAPE: safe charging with adjustable power. In: 2014 IEEE 34th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), pp. 439–448 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCS.2014.52

  9. Dolev, S., Gilbert, S., Guerraoui, R., Kuhn, F., Newport, C.C.: The wireless synchronization problem. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM SIGACT-SIGOPS Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC), pp. 190–199 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Edwards, M.J., Saunders, R.D., Shiota, K.: Effects of heat on embryos and foetuses. Int. J. Hyperth. 19(3), 295–324 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Erlebach, T., Grant, T.: Scheduling multicast transmissions under SINR constraints. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Algorithms for Sensor Systems, Wireless Ad Hoc Networks and Autonomous Mobile (ALGOSENSORS), pp. 47–61 (2010)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Erlebach, T., van Leeuwen, E.J.: Approximating geometric coverage problems. In: Proceedings of the ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA), pp. 1267–1276 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Fei, X., Boukerche, A., de Araujo, R.B.: Irregular sensing range detection model for coverage based protocols in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), pp. 1–6 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gandhi, O., Morgan, L., de Salles, A., Han, Y., Herberman, R., Davis, D.: Exposure limits: the underestimation of absorbed cell phone radiation, especially in children. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 31(1), 34–51 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Garey, M., Johnson, D., Stockmeyer, L.: Some simplified NP-complete graph problems. Theor. Comput. Sci. 1(3), 237–267 (1976)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Guo, S., Wang, C., Yang, Y.: Joint mobile data gathering and energy provisioning in wireless rechargeable sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 13(12), 2836–2852 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2014.2307332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Han, S.Y., Abu-Ghazaleh, N.B.: A realistic model of co-located interference for wireless network packet simulation. In: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), pp. 472–481 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Havas, M., Marrongelle, J., Pollner, B., Kelley, E., Rees, C., Tully, L.: Provocation study using heart rate variability shows microwave radiation from 2.4 GHz cordless phone affects autonomic nervous system. Eur. J. Oncol. Libr. 5 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Intel: wireless resonant energy link (WREL) demo. http://software.intel.com/en-us/videos/wireless-resonant-energy-link-wrel-demo/

  20. Jarry, A., Leone, P., Nikoletseas, S.E., Rolim, J.D.P.: Optimal data gathering paths and energy balance mechanisms in wireless networks. In: Proceeding of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), pp. 288–305 (2010)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Jiang, L., Wu, X., Chen, G., Li, Y.: Effective on-demand mobile charger scheduling for maximizing coverage in wireless rechargeable sensor networks. Mob. Netw. Appl. 19(4), 543–551 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Johnston, A.: Reliability and Radiation Effects in Compound Semiconductors. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kaklamanis, C., Kirousis, L.M., Bose, P., Kranakis, E., Krizanc, D., Peleg, D.: Station layouts in the presence of location constraints. In: Algorithms and Computation. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1741, pp. 269–278. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Kesselheim, T., Vocking, B.: Distributed contention resolution in wireless networks. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC), pp. 163–178 (2010)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Kowalski, D.R., Pelc, A.: Optimal deterministic broadcasting in known topology radio networks. Distrib. Comput. 19(3), 185–195 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kurs, A., Karalis, A., Moffatt, R., Joannopoulos, J.D., Fisher, P., Soljacic, M.: Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances. Science 317, 83 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Leone, P., Nikoletseas, S.E., Rolim, J.D.P.: An adaptive blind algorithm for energy balanced data propagation in wireless sensors networks. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), pp. 35–48 (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. Li, Z., Peng, Y., Zhang, W., Qiao, D.: J-RoC: a joint routing and charging scheme to prolong sensor network lifetime. In: Proceedings of the 2011 19th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, ICNP ’11, pp. 373–382 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Madhja, A., Nikoletseas, S., Raptis, T.P.: Distributed wireless power transfer in sensor networks with multiple mobile chargers. Comput. Netw. 80, 89–108 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Madhja, A., Nikoletseas, S., Raptis, T.P.: Hierarchical, collaborative wireless charging in sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking conference, WCNC ’15 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Martirosyan, A., Pazzi, A.B.R.W.N.: Energy-aware and quality of service-based routing in wireless sensor networks and vehicular ad hoc networks. Ann. des Telecommun. 63(11–12), 669–681 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Murata: Murata manufacturing. http://www.murata.com/

  33. Nikoletseas, S., Patroumpa, D., Prasanna, V., Raptopoulos, C., Rolim, J.: Radiation awareness in three-dimensional wireless sensor networks. In: 2012 IEEE 8th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), pp. 176–185 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Nikoletseas, S., Raptis, T.P., Souroulagkas, A., Tsolovos, D.: An experimental evaluation of wireless power transfer protocols in mobile ad hoc networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference, WPTC ’15 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Nikoletseas, S.E., Patroumpa, D., Prasanna, V.K., Raptopoulos, C., Rolim, J.D.P.: Radiation awareness in three-dimensional wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 8th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), pp. 176–185 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Nikoletseas, S.E., Raptis, T.P., Raptopoulos, C.: Low radiation efficient wireless energy transfer in wireless distributed systems. In: Proceedings of the 35th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), pp. 196–204 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Ntzouni, M., Skouroliakou, A., Kostomitsopoulos, N., Margaritis, L.: Transient and cumulative memory impairments induced by GSM 1.8 GHz cell phone signal in a mouse model. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 32(1), 95–120 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Oltenau, M., Marincas, C., Rafiroiu, D.: Dangerous temperature increase from em radiation around metallic implants. Acta Electroteh. 53(2), 175–180 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Pettarin, A., Pietracaprina, A., Pucci, G., Upfal, E.: Tight bounds on information dissemination in sparse mobile networks. In: Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM SIGACT-SIGOPS Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC), pp. 355–362 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Powercast: Powercast corporation. http://www.powercastco.com/

  41. TI: Texas instruments. http://www.ti.com/

  42. WPC: The wireless power consortium. http://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/

  43. Xiang, L., Luo, J., Han, K., Shi, G.: Fueling wireless networks perpetually: a case of multi-hop wireless power distribution. In: 2013 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), pp. 1994–1999 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2013.6666471

  44. Yu, Y., Prasanna, V.K.: Energy-balanced task allocation for collaborative processing in wireless sensor networks. Mob. Netw. Appl. 10(1–2), 115–131 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics, University of Patras, Computer Technology Institute and Press “Diophantus” (CTI), Patras, Greece

    Sotiris Nikoletseas & Christoforos Raptopoulos

  2. Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy

    Theofanis P. Raptis

  3. Centre Universitaire d’ Informatique, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    José Rolim

Authors
  1. Sotiris Nikoletseas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Theofanis P. Raptis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Christoforos Raptopoulos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. José Rolim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sotiris Nikoletseas .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Wireless Sensor and Mobile Ad-hoc Network Applied Cryptography Engineering (WiSeMAN-ACE) Research Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Frank H. Dotterweich College of Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA

    Habib M. Ammari

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Nikoletseas, S., Raptis, T.P., Raptopoulos, C., Rolim, J. (2019). Radiation Control Algorithms in Wireless Networks. In: Ammari, H. (eds) Mission-Oriented Sensor Networks and Systems: Art and Science. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 164. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92384-0_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92384-0_20

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-92383-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-92384-0

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation