Abstract
The problem of humiliating and slandering people through Internet, generally defined as cyberbullying (later: CB), has been recently noticed as a serious social problem disturbing mental health of Internet users. In Japan, to deal with the problem, members of Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) perform Internet Patrol – a voluntary work by reading through the whole Web contents to spot cyberbullying entries. To help PTA members we propose a novel method for automatic detection of malicious contents on the Internet. The method is based on a brute force search algorithm-inspired combinatorial approach to language modeling. The method automatically extracts sophisticated sentence patterns and uses them in classification. We tested the method on actual data containing cyberbullying provided by Human Rights Center. The results show our method outperformed previous methods. It is also more efficient as it requires minimal human effort.
Previous version of this paper appeared in: Proceedings of 7th Language & Technology Conference: Human Language Technologies as a Challenge for Computer Science and Linguistics (LTC’15), pp. 370–375.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
An organization composed of parents and school personnel.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
- 6.
- 7.
References
Belsey, B.: Cyberbullying: An Emerging Threat for the “Always On” Generation (2007). http://www.cyberbullying.ca/pdf/Cyberbullying_ Presentation_ Description.pdf
Fujii, Y., Ando, S., Ito, T.: Yūgai jōhō firutaringu no tame no 2-tango-kan no kyori oyobi kyōki jōhō ni yoru bunshō bunrui shuhō no teian (Developing a method based on 2-word co-occurence information for filtering harmful information). In: Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (JSAI2010), paper ID: 3D2-4, pp. 1–4 (2010). (in Japanese)
Hatakeyama, S., Masui, F., Ptaszynski, M., Yamamoto, K.: Improving performance of cyberbullying detection method with double filtered point-wise mutual information. In: Demo Session of the 2015 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing 2015 (ACM-SoCC 2015), Kohala Coast, Hawaii, 27–29 August 2015
Hashimoto, H., Kinoshita, T., Harada, M.: Firutaringu no tame no ingo no yūgai goi kenshutsu kinō no imi kaiseki shisutemu SAGE e no kumikomi (Implementing a function for filtering harmful slang words into the semantic analysis system SAGE), IPSJ SIG Notes 2010-SLP-81(14), pp. 1–6 (2010). (in Japanese)
Hinduja, S., Patchin, J.W.: Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying. Corwin Press, Thousand Oaks (2009)
Ikeda, K., Yanagihara, T.: Kakuyōso no chūshōka ni motozuku ihō-, yūgai-bunsho kenshutsu shuhō no teian to hyōka (Proposal and evaluation of a method for illegal and harmful document detection based on the abstraction of case elements). In: Proceedings of 72nd National Convention of Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ72), pp. 71–72 (2010). (in Japanese)
Ishisaka, T., Yamamoto, K.: 2chaeru wo taishō to shita waruguchi hyōgen no chūshutsu (Extraction of abusive expressions from 2channel). In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of The Association for Natural Language Processing (NLP2010), pp. 178–181 (2010). (in Japanese)
Kilgarriff, A.: Googleology is bad science. Comput. Linguist. 33(1), 147–151 (2007)
Krippendorff, K.: Combinatorial explosion. In: Web Dictionary of Cybernetics and Systems. Principia Cybernetica Web (1986)
Matsuba, T., Masui, F., Kawai, A., Isu, N.: Gakkou hikoushiki saito ni okeru yuugai jouhou kenshutsu (Detection of harmful information on informal school websites). In: Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the Association for Natural Language Processing (NLP2010) (2010). (in Japanese)
Matsuba, T., Masui, F., Kawai, A., Isu, N.: Gakkō hi-kōshiki saito ni okeru yūgai jōhō kenshutsu wo mokuteki to shita kyokusei hantei moderu ni kansuru kenkyū (A study on the polarity classification model for the purpose of detecting harmful information on informal school sites). In: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Association for Natural Language Processing (NLP2011), pp. 388–391 (2001). (in Japanese)
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT): ‘Netto-jō no ijime’ ni kansuru taiō manyuaru jirei shū (gakkō, kyōin muke) (“Bullying on the Net” Manual for handling and collection of cases (for schools and teachers)). Published by MEXT (2008). (in Japanese)
Nitta, T., Masui, F., Ptaszynski, M., Kimura, Y., Rzepka, R., Araki, K.: Detecting cyberbullying entries on informal school websites based on category relevance maximization. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP 2013), pp. 579–586 (2013)
Patchin, J.W., Hinduja, S.: Bullies move beyond the schoolyard: a preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth Violence Juv. Justice 4(2), 148–169 (2006)
Ptaszynski, M., Dybala, P., Rzepka, R., Araki, K.: Affecting corpora: experiments with automatic affect annotation system - a case study of the 2 channel forum -. In: Proceedings of the Conference of the Pacific Association for Computational Linguistics (PACLING-09), pp. 223–228 (2009)
Ptaszynski, M., Dybala, P., Matsuba, T., Masui, F., Rzepka, R., Araki, K., Momouchi, Y.: In the service of online order: tackling cyber-bullying with machine learning and affect analysis. Int. J. Comput. Linguist. Res. 1(3), 135–154 (2010)
Ptaszynski, M., Rzepka, R., Araki, K., Momouchi, Y.: Language combinatorics: a sentence pattern extraction architecture based on combinatorial explosion. Int. J. Comput. Linguist. (IJCL) 2(1), 24–36 (2011)
Turney, P.D.: Thumbs up or thumbs down? Semantic orientation applied to unsupervised classification of reviews. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Philadelphia, pp. 417–424 (2002)
Watanabe, H., Sunayama, W.: Denshi keijiban ni okeru yūza no seishitsu no hyōka (User nature evalution on BBS). IEICE Technical report, 105(652), 2006-KBSE, pp. 25–30 (2006). (in Japanese)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ptaszynski, M., Masui, F., Kimura, Y., Rzepka, R., Araki, K. (2018). Automatic Extraction of Harmful Sentence Patterns with Application in Cyberbullying Detection. In: Vetulani, Z., Mariani, J., Kubis, M. (eds) Human Language Technology. Challenges for Computer Science and Linguistics. LTC 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10930. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93782-3_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93782-3_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-93781-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-93782-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)