Abstract
People have learned extensive relational knowledge from daily life. This is one of the facts that enables human to describe the information from images easily. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called Image Captioning with Relational Knowledge (ICRK) that combines relational knowledge with image captioning model and utilizes relational knowledge to strengthen the learning process of representing words. As more precise syntactic and semantic word relationships were learned, the image captioning model acquires more semantic features that help to generate more accurate image descriptions. Experiments on several benchmark datasets, using automatic evaluation metrics, have all demonstrated that our model can significantly improve the quality of image captioning.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
Note that although we use the continuous skip-gram model as an example to illustrate our framework, the similar framework can be developed on the basis of any other word embedding models.
References
Bollacker, K., Evans, C., Paritosh, P., Sturge, T., Taylor, J.: Freebase: a collaboratively created graph database for structuring human knowledge. In: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, SIGMOD 2008, pp. 1247–1250 (2008)
Bordes, A., Usunier, N., Garcia-Duran, A., Weston, J., Yakhnenko, O.: Translating embeddings for modeling multi-relational data. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 2787–2795 (2013)
Denkowski, M., Lavie, A.: Meteor universal: language specific translation evaluation for any target language. In: Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, pp. 376–380 (2014)
Donahue, J., et al.: Long-term recurrent convolutional networks for visual recognition and description. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 2625–2634 (2015)
Fang, H., et al.: From captions to visual concepts and back. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), June 2015
Karpathy, A., Fei-Fei, L.: Deep visual-semantic alignments for generating image descriptions. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), June 2015
Kingma, D.P., Ba, J.: Adam: a method for stochastic optimization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980 (2014)
Lebret, R., Pinheiro, P.O., Collobert, R.: Simple image description generator via a linear phrase-based approach. In: ICLR (2015)
Lin, C.Y.: Rouge: a package for automatic evaluation of summaries. In: Text Summarization Branches Out (2004)
Lin, T.-Y., et al.: Microsoft COCO: common objects in context. In: Fleet, D., Pajdla, T., Schiele, B., Tuytelaars, T. (eds.) ECCV 2014, Part V. LNCS, vol. 8693, pp. 740–755. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10602-1_48
Lu, J., Xiong, C., Parikh, D., Socher, R.: Knowing when to look: adaptive attention via a visual sentinel for image captioning. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2017)
Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G., Dean, J.: Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. In: ICLR (2013)
Mikolov, T., Sutskever, I., Chen, K., Corrado, G., Dean, J.: Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 26, 3111–3119 (2013)
Miller, G.A.: Wordnet: a lexical database for the english language. Commun. ACM 38(11), 39–41 (2002)
Papineni, K., Roukos, S., Ward, T., Zhu, W.J.: BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 311–318. Association for Computational Linguistics (2002)
Rennie, S.J., Marcheret, E., Mroueh, Y., Ross, J., Goel, V.: Self-critical sequence training for image captioning. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2017)
Simonyan, K., Zisserman, A.: Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.1556 (2014)
Vedantam, R., Lawrence Zitnick, C., Parikh, D.: CIDER: consensus-based image description evaluation. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 4566–4575 (2015)
Xu, C., et al.: RC-NET: a general framework for incorporating knowledge into word representations. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, pp. 1219–1228. ACM (2014)
Xu, K., et al.: Show, attend and tell: Neural image caption generation with visual attention. ICML (2015)
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFB1000902), National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program, Grant No. 2013CB329600), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61472040).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this paper
Cite this paper
Yang, H., Song, D., Liao, L. (2018). Image Captioning with Relational Knowledge. In: Geng, X., Kang, BH. (eds) PRICAI 2018: Trends in Artificial Intelligence. PRICAI 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11013. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97310-4_43
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97310-4_43
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97309-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97310-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)