Abstract
RoboChart is a graphical domain-specific language, based on UML, but tailored for the modelling and verification of single robot systems. In this paper, we introduce RoboChart facilities for modelling and verifying heterogeneous collections of interacting robots. We propose a new construct that describes the collection itself, and a new communication construct that allows fine-grained control over the communication patterns of the robots. Using these novel constructs, we apply RoboChart to model a simple yet powerful and widely used algorithm to maintain the aggregation of a swarm. Our constructs can be useful also in the context of other diagrammatic languages, including UML, to describe collections of arbitrary interacting entities.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Broy, M., Cengarle, M.V., Rumpe, B.: Semantics of UML - towards a system model for UML: the state machine model. Technical report TUM-I0711, Institut für Informatik, Technische Universität München, February 2007
Davies, J., Crichton, C.: Concurrency and refinement in the unified modeling language. Formal Aspects Comput. 15(2–3), 118–145 (2003)
Dhouib, S., Kchir, S., Stinckwich, S., Ziadi, T., Ziane, M.: RobotML, a domain-specific language to design, simulate and deploy robotic applications. In: Noda, I., Ando, N., Brugali, D., Kuffner, J.J. (eds.) SIMPAR 2012. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 7628, pp. 149–160. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34327-8_16
Dixon, C., Winfield, A.F.T., Fisher, M., Zeng, C.: Towards temporal verification of swarm robotic systems. Robot. Auton. Syst. 60(11), 1429–1441 (2012)
Espiau, B., Kapellos, K., Jourdan, M.: Formal verification in robotics: why and how? In: Giralt, G., Hirzinger, G. (eds.) Robotics Research, pp. 225–236. Springer, London (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1021-7_26
Conserva Filho, M.S., Oliveira, M.V.M., Sampaio, A.C.A., Cavalcanti, A.L.C.: Compositional and local livelock analysis for CSP. Inf. Process. Lett. 133, 21–25 (2018)
Fleurey, F., Solberg, A.: A domain specific modeling language supporting specification, simulation and execution of dynamic adaptive systems. In: Schürr, A., Selic, B. (eds.) MODELS 2009. LNCS, vol. 5795, pp. 606–621. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04425-0_47
Foster, S., Zeyda, F., Woodcock, J.: Isabelle/UTP: a mechanised theory engineering framework. In: Naumann, D. (ed.) UTP 2014. LNCS, vol. 8963, pp. 21–41. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14806-9_2
Foughali, M., Berthomieu, B., Dal Zilio, S., Ingrand, F., Mallet, A.: Model checking real-time properties on the functional layer of autonomous robots. In: Ogata, K., Lawford, M., Liu, S. (eds.) ICFEM 2016. LNCS, vol. 10009, pp. 383–399. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47846-3_24
Gibson-Robinson, T., Armstrong, P., Boulgakov, A., Roscoe, A.W.: FDR3—a modern refinement checker for CSP. In: Ábrahám, E., Havelund, K. (eds.) TACAS 2014. LNCS, vol. 8413, pp. 187–201. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54862-8_13
Object Management Group. OMG: UML profile for MARTE, v1.0, November 2009. OMG Document Number: formal/(2009–11-02)
Object Management Group. OMG Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML), Superstructure, Version 2.4.1, August 2011
Hoare, C.A.R., Jifeng, H.: Unifying Theories of Programming. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River (1998)
Kuske, S., Gogolla, M., Kollmann, R., Kreowski, H.-J.: An integrated semantics for UML class, object and state diagrams based on graph transformation. In: Butler, M., Petre, L., Sere, K. (eds.) IFM 2002. LNCS, vol. 2335, pp. 11–28. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47884-1_2
Miyazawa, A., Ribeiro, P., Li, W., Cavalcanti, A.L.C., Timmis, J.: Automatic property checking of robotic applications. In: IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp. 3869–3876 (2017)
Nordmann, A., Hochgeschwender, N., Wigand, D., Wrede, S.: A survey on domain-specific modeling and languages in robotics. J. Softw. Eng. Robot. 7(1), 75–99 (2016)
OMG: OMG systems modeling language (OMG SysML), Version 1.3 (2012)
Posse, E., Dingel, J.: An executable formal semantics for UML-RT. Softw. Syst. Model. 15, 1–39 (2014)
Rasch, H., Wehrheim, H.: Checking consistency in UML diagrams: classes and state machines. In: Najm, E., Nestmann, U., Stevens, P. (eds.) FMOODS 2003. LNCS, vol. 2884, pp. 229–243. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39958-2_16
Roscoe, A.W.: The Theory and Practice of Concurrency. Prentice-Hall Series in Computer Science. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River (1998)
Schlegel, C., Hassler, T., Lotz, A., Steck, A.: Robotic software systems: from code-driven to model-driven designs. In: 14th International Conference on Advanced Robotics, pp. 1–8. IEEE (2009)
University of York: RoboChart Reference Manual. www.cs.york.ac.uk/circus/RoboCalc/robotool/
Acknowledgements
The work mentioned here is supported by the EPSRC grants EP/M025756/1 and EP/R025479/1, and by the Royal Academy of Engineering, and by INES, grants CNPq/465614/2014-0 and FACEPE/APQ/0388-1.03/14.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cavalcanti, A., Miyazawa, A., Sampaio, A., Li, W., Ribeiro, P., Timmis, J. (2018). Modelling and Verification for Swarm Robotics. In: Furia, C., Winter, K. (eds) Integrated Formal Methods. IFM 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11023. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98938-9_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98938-9_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-98937-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-98938-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)