Abstract
Qualitative variables take symbolic values, such as hot, shoe, Europe or France. Sometimes, the values may be arranged in layers or levels of detail. For instance, the variable place_of_origin takes as level-1 values European, African ...as level-2 values French, German ...as level-3 values Californian, Texan ...The paper describes a hierarchy, a mathematical construct among these variables. The confusion resulting when using a value instead of another is defined, as well as the closeness to which object o fulfills predicate P. Other operations among and properties of hierarchical values are derived. Hierarchies are compared with ontologies. Hierarchies find use in measuring linguistic relatedness or similarity. Hierarchical variables abound and are commonly used, often with suggestive string values, without fully realizing or exploiting its properties. We deal with arbitrary hierarchies. Examples are given.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alexandrov, V., Arsentieva, A.: Dialogue Structure (Dialogue – Is It an Art or Science?). Leningrad Inst. for Informatics and Aut. of the USSR Acad. of Sciences (1984)
Alexandrov, V.: Developing Systems in Science, Technique, Society and Culture. Nauka, Saint Petersburg (2002)
Bolshakov, I.A., Gelbukh, A.: Text segmentation into paragraphs based on local text cohesion. In: Matoušek, V., Mautner, P., Mouček, R., Tauser, K. (eds.) TSD 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2166, pp. 158–166. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Bolshakov, I.A., Gelbukh, A.: Heuristics-based replenishment of collocation databases. In: Ranchhod, E., Mamede, N.J. (eds.) PorTAL 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2389, pp. 25–32. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Budanitsky, A., Hirst, G.: Semantic Distance in WordNet: An Experimental, Applicationoriented Evaluation of Five Measures. In: Workshop on WordNet and Other Lexical Resources, in the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL 2000), Pittsburgh, PA, June 2001 (2000)
Gelbukh, A.: Using a semantic network for lexical and syntactical disambiguation. In: Proc. CIC 1997, Simposium Internacional de Computación, CIC, IPN, Mexico City, Mexico, 12-14, pp. 352–366 (1997), http://www.gelbukh.com/CV/Publications/1997/CIC-97-Sem-Net.htm
Guzman, A.: Finding the Main Themes in a Spanish Document. Journal Expert Systems with Applications 14(1/2), 139–148 (1998)
Guzman, A., Olivares, J., Demetrio, D., Dominguez, C.: Interaction of Purposeful Agents that use Different Ontologies. In: Cairó, O., Cantú, F.J. (eds.) MICAI 2000. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1793, pp. 557–573. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Guzmán, A., Domínguez, C., Olivares, J.: Reacting to Unexpected Events and Communicating in Spite of Mixed Ontologies. In: Coello Coello, C.A., de Albornoz, Á., Sucar, L.E., Battistutti, O.C. (eds.) MICAI 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2313, pp. 377–386. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Guzmán-Arenas, A., Levachkine, S.: Graduated Errors in Approximate Queries Using Hierarchies and Ordered Sets. In: Monroy, R., Arroyo-Figueroa, G., Sucar, L.E., Sossa, H. (eds.) MICAI 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2972, pp. 119–128. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
de Gyves, V., Guzman, A.: BiblioDigital. © SoftwarePro International (work in progress)
Lenat, D.B., Guha, R.V.: Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1989)
Levachkine, S., Guzman, A.: Hierarchies as a New Data Type for Qualitative Variables. Submitted to the Journal of Data Knowledge Engineering (2002)
Levachkine, S., Guzman, A.: Confusion between hierarchies partitioned by a Percentage rule. Submitted to MICAI 2004 (2004)
Montes-y-Gómez, M., López-López, A., Gelbukh, A.: Information Retrieval with Conceptual Graph Matching. In: Ibrahim, M., Küng, J., Revell, N. (eds.) DEXA 2000. LNCS, vol. 1873, pp. 312–321. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Montes-y-Gómez, M., Gelbukh, A., López-López, A., Baeza-Yates, R.: Flexible Comparison of Conceptual Graphs. In: Mayr, H.C., Lazanský, J., Quirchmayr, G., Vogel, P. (eds.) DEXA 2001. LNCS, vol. 2113, pp. 102–111. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Olivares, J., Guzman, A.: Measuring the Comprehension or Understanding between two Agents (to appear)
Resnik, P.: Disambiguating Noun Groupings with respect to WordNet Senses. In: Armstrong, S., et al. (eds.) Natural Language Processing Using Very Large Corpora, pp. 77–98. Kluwer Academic Publishing, Dordrecht (1995)
Simon, J.-C.: Patterns and Operators. The Foundations of Data Representation. McGraw-Hill, New York (1984)
WordNet: A Lexical Database for the English Language, http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/
Zárate, A., Pazos, R., Gelbukh, A., Padrón, I.: A portable natural language interface for diverse databases using ontologies. In: Gelbukh, A. (ed.) CICLing 2003. LNCS, vol. 2588, pp. 494–505. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Levachkine, S., Guzmán-Arenas, A. (2004). Hierarchies Measuring Qualitative Variables. In: Gelbukh, A. (eds) Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing. CICLing 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2945. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24630-5_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24630-5_33
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-21006-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-24630-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive