Abstract
Intelligent Tutoring Systems usually take into account only the cog-nitive aspects of the student: they may suggest the right actions to perform, cor-rect mistakes, and provide explanations. However, besides cognition, educa-tional researchers increasingly recognize the importance of factors such as self-confidence and interest that contribute to learner intrinsic motivation. We be-lieve that the student affective goals can be taken into account by implementing a model of politeness into the tutoring system. This paper aims at providing an overall account of politeness in tutoring interactions (in particular, natural lan-guage dialogs), and describes the way in which politeness has been imple-mented in an intelligent tutoring system based on an animated pedagogical agent. The work is part of a larger project building a socially intelligent peda-gogical agent able to monitor learner performance and provide socially sensi-tive coaching and feedback at appropriate times. The project builds on the ex-perience gained in realizing several other pedagogical agents.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aist, G., Kort, B., Reilly, R., Mostow, J., Picard, R.W.: Adding Human-Provided Emotional Scaffolding to an Automated Reading Tutor that Listens Increases Student Persistence. In: Cerri, S.A., Gouardéres, G., Paraguaçu, F. (eds.) ITS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2363, p. 992. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
André, E., Rehm, M., Minker, W., Bühner, D.: Endowing spoken language dialogue systems with emotional intelligence. In: André, E., Dybkjær, L., Minker, W., Heisterkamp, P. (eds.) ADS 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3068, pp. 178–187. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Baylor, A.L., Ebbers, S.: Evidence that Multiple Agents Facilitate Greater Learning. In: International Artificial Intelligence in Education (AI-ED) Conference, Sydney (2003)
Brown, P., Levinson, S.C.: Politeness: Some universals in language use. Cambridge University Press, New York (1987)
Cassell, J., Bickmore, T.: Negotiated Collusion: Modeling Social Language and its Relationship Effects in Intelligent Agents. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 13(1-2), 89–132 (2003)
Cooper, B.: Care – Making the affective leap: More than a concerned interest in a learner’s cognitive abilities. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 13(1) (2003)
De Vicente, A., Pain, H.: Informing the detection of the students’ motivatonal state: An empirical study. In: Cerri, S.A., Gouardères, G., Paraguaçu, F. (eds.) Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pp. 933–943. Springer, Berlin (2002)
Del Soldato, T., du Boulay, B.: Implementation of motivational tactics in tutoring systems. Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 6(4), 337–378 (1995)
Dessouky, M.M., Verma, S., Bailey, D., Rickel, J.: A methodology for developing a Webbased factory simulator for manufacturing education. IEE Transactions 33, 167–180 (2001)
Heylen, D., Nijholt, A., op den Akker, R., Vissers, M.: Socially intelligent tutor agents. In: Social Intelligence Design Workshop (2003)
Johnson, W.L.: Interaction tactics for socially intelligent pedagogical agents. In: Int’l Conf. on Intelligent User Interfaces, pp. 251–253. ACM Press, New York (2003)
Johnson, W.L., Rizzo, P., Bosma, W., Kole, S., Ghijsen, M., Welbergen, H.: Generating Socially Appropriate Tutorial Dialog. In: André, E., Dybkjær, L., Minker, W., Heisterkamp, P. (eds.) ADS 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3068, pp. 254–264. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Kort, B., Reilly, R., Picard, R.W.: An Affective Model of Interplay between Emotions and Learning: Reengineering Educational Pedagogy – Building a Learning Companion. In: ICALT (2001)
Lazarus, R.S.: Emotion and adaptation. Oxford University Press, New York (1991)
Lepper, M.R., Woolverton, M., Mumme, D., Gurtner, J.: Motivational techniques of expert human tutors: Lessons for the design of computer-based tutors. In: Lajoie, S.P., Derry, S.J. (eds.) Computers as cognitive tools, pp. 75–105. LEA, Hillsdale (1993)
Lester, J.C., Converse, S.A., Kahler, S.E., Barlow, S.T., Stone, B.A., Bhogal, R.S.: The persona effect: Affective impact of animated pedagogical agents. In: CHI 1997, pp. 359–366 (1997)
Miller, C. (ed.): Etiquette for Human-Computer Work. Papers from the AAAI Fall Symposium. AAAI Technical Report FS-02-02 (2002)
Pilkington, R.M.: Analysing educational discourse: The DISCOUNT scheme. Technical report 99/2, Computer-Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds (1999)
Porayska-Pomsta, K.: Influence of Situational Context on Language Production. Ph.D. thesis. University of Edinburgh (2004)
Reeves, B., Nass, C.: The media equation. Cambridge University Press, New York (1996)
Sansone, C., Harackiewicz, J.M.: Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The search for optimal motivation and performance. Academic Press, San Diego (2000)
Zhou, X., Conati, C.: Inferring User Goals from Personality and Behavior in a Causal Model of User Affect. In: Proceedings of IUI 2003 (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Johnson, W.L., Rizzo, P. (2004). Politeness in Tutoring Dialogs: “Run the Factory, That’s What I’d Do”. In: Lester, J.C., Vicari, R.M., Paraguaçu, F. (eds) Intelligent Tutoring Systems. ITS 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3220. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30139-4_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30139-4_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-22948-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-30139-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive