Abstract
We describe a new encoding scheme and associated operators for tree structures on graphs and test it in the context of an evolutionary algorithm applied to the degree-constrained minimum spanning tree problem (DC-MST). The new encoding is relatively simple and easily copes with degree constraints. We compare with three existing encoding schemes, including edge-set, which represents the current state of the art on the DC-MST. The new encoding demonstrates superior performance on the larger instances of the well-used ‘Structured Hard’ DC-MST problems, and similar performance on the smaller instances. We conclude that the new encoding is a recommended method for the DC-MST.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abuali, F.N., Wainwright, R.L., Schoenefeld, D.A.: Determinant Factorization: A New Encoding Scheme for Spanning Trees Applied to the Probabilistic Minimum Spanning Tree Problem. In: Eshelman, L.J. (ed.) Proc. of the Sixth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, pp. 470–477 (1995)
Dengiz, B., Altiparmak, F., Smith, A.E.: Local Search Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Design of Reliable Networks. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 1(3), 179–188 (1997)
Edgington, E.: Randomization Tests. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York (1980)
Freisleben, B., Merz, P.: A Genetic Local Search Algorithm for Solving Symmetric and Asymmetric Traveling Salesmen Problems. IEEE Int. CEC, 616–621 (1996)
Garey, M.R., Johnson, D.S.: Computers and Intractability, A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, San Francisco, Freeman (1979)
Gen, M., Chen, R.: Genetic Algorithms and Engineering Design. Wiley, Chichester (1997), Also see (for Prüfer encoding) http://www.ads.tuwien.ac.at/publications/bib/pdf/gottlieb-01.pdf
Julstrom, B., Raidl, G.: Initialization is Robust in Evolutionary Algorithms that Encode Spanning Trees as Sets of Edges. In: ACM Symp. on Applied Computing (2002)
Palmer, C., Kershenbaum, A.: An Approach to a Problem in Network Design Using Genetic Algorithms. Networks 26, 151–163 (1995)
Knowles, J., Corne, D.: A new evolutionary approach to the degree-constrained minimum spanning tree problem. IEEE Trans. on Evolutionary Computation 4(2), 125–134 (2000)
Krishnamoorthy, M., Ernst, A., Sharaiha, Y.: Comparison of Algorithms for the DC-MST. Journal of Heuristics 7, 587–611 (2001)
Kruskal, J.B.: On the shortest spanning tree of a graph and the travelling salesman problem. Proc. of the American Mathematical Society 7(1), 48–50 (1956)
Michalewicz, Z.: Genetic Algorithms+Data Structures=Evolution Programs. Springer, Heidelberg (1992)
Narula, S.C., Ho, C.A.: Degree-constrained minimum spanning tree. Computer and Operations Research 7, 239–249 (1980)
Piggott, P., Suraweera, F.: Encoding graphs for genetic algorithms: An investigation using the minimum spanning tree problem. In: Yao, X. (ed.) AI-WS 1993 and 1994. LNCS, vol. 956, Springer, Heidelberg (1995)
Prim, R.: Shortest connection networks and some generalisations. Bell Systems Technical Journal 36, 1389–1401 (1957)
Raidl, G.R.: An Effecient Evolutionary Algorithm for the Degree-Constrained Minimum Spanning Tree Problem. In: Proc.IEEE CEC, pp. 104–111 (2000)
Raidl, G.R., Julstrom, B.: Edge-Sets: An Effective Evolutionary Coding of Spanning Trees. IEEE Trans. on Evolutionary Computation 7(3), 225–239 (2003), Also see http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/547892.html
Rothlauf, F., Goldberg, D., Heinzl, A.: Network Random Keys - A Tree Network Representation Scheme for Genetic and Evolutionary Algorithms. Evolutionary Computation 10(1), 75–97 (2002), Also see sss http://www.uni-mannheim.de/i3v/00068900/18198591.htm
Schindler, B., Rothlauf, F., Pesch, H.: Evolution Strategies, Network Random Keys, and the One-Max Tree Problem. In: Evoworkshops, pp. 52–143. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Zhou, G., Gen, M.: An Effective GA Approach to The Quadratic Minimum Spanning Tree Problem. Computers in Operations Research 25(3), 229–237 (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Soak, SM., Corne, D., Ahn, BH. (2004). A Powerful New Encoding for Tree-Based Combinatorial Optimisation Problems. In: Yao, X., et al. Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN VIII. PPSN 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3242. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30217-9_44
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30217-9_44
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-23092-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-30217-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive