Skip to main content

Checking ACTL * Properties of Discrete Timed Automata via Bounded Model Checking

  • Conference paper
Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems (FORMATS 2003)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 2791))

Abstract

The main contribution of the paper consists in showing that the BMC method is feasible for ACTL * (the universal fragment of CTL * which subsumes both ACTL and LTL. The extension to ACTL * is obtained by redefining the function returning the sufficient number of executions over which an ACTL * formula is checked, and then by combining two known translations to SAT for ACTL  and LTL formulas. The proposed translation of ACTL * formulas is essentially different from the existing translations of both ACTL and LTL formulas. Moreover, ACTL * seems to be the largest set of temporal properties which can be verified by means of BMC. We have implemented our new BMC algorithm for discrete timed automata and we have presented a preliminary experimental results, which prove the efficiency of the method. The formal treatment is the basis for the implementation of the technique in the symbolic model checker \(\surd\)erics.

Partly supported by the State Committee for Scientific Research under the grant No. 8T11C 01419.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alur, R., Courcoubetis, C., Dill, D.: Model checking in dense real-time. Information and Computation 104(1), 2–34 (1993)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Audemard, G., Cimatti, A., Kornilowicz, A., Sebastiani, R.: Bounded model checking for timed systems. In: Proc. of RT-TOOLS 2002 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Benedetti, M., Cimatti, A.: Bounded Model checking for Past LTL. In: Garavel, H., Hatcliff, J. (eds.) TACAS 2003. LNCS, vol. 2619, pp. 18–33. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Bengtsson, J., Jonsson, B., Lilius, J., Yi, W.: Partial order reductions for timed systems. In: Sangiorgi, D., de Simone, R. (eds.) CONCUR 1998. LNCS, vol. 1466, pp. 485–500. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Beyer, D.: Improvements in BDD-based reachability analysis of Timed Automata. In: Oliveira, J.N., Zave, P. (eds.) FME 2001. LNCS, vol. 2021, p. 318. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Biere, A., Cimatti, A., Clarke, E., Fujita, M., Zhu, Y.: Symbolic model checking using SAT procedures instead of BDDs. In: Proc. of DAC 1999 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Biere, A., Cimatti, A., Clarke, E., Zhu, Y.: Symbolic model checking without BDDs. In: Cleaveland, W.R. (ed.) TACAS 1999. LNCS, vol. 1579, p. 193. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Bozga, M., Maler, O., Tripakis, S.: Efficient verification of Timed Automata using dense and discrete time semantics. In: Pierre, L., Kropf, T. (eds.) CHARME 1999. LNCS, vol. 1703, pp. 125–141. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Clarke, E., Biere, A., Raimi, R., Zhu, Y.: Bounded model checking using satisfiability solving. Formal Methods in System Design 19(1), 7–34 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Clarke, E.M., Grumberg, O., Peled, D.: Model Checking. MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Dams, D., Grumberg, O., Gerth, R.: Abstract interpretation of reactive systems: Abstractions preserving ACTL*, ECTL* and CTL*. In: Proceedings of PROCOMET 1994, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Daws, C., Tripakis, S.: Model checking of real-time reachability properties using abstractions. In: Steffen, B. (ed.) TACAS 1998. LNCS, vol. 1384, p. 313. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Dembiński, P., Janowska, A., Janowski, P., Penczek, W., Półrola, A., Szreter, M., Woźna, B., Zbrzezny, A.: \(\surd\)erics: A tool for verifying timed automata and estelle specifications. In: Garavel, H., Hatcliff, J. (eds.) TACAS 2003. LNCS, vol. 2619, pp. 278–283. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. de Moura, L., Rueß, H., Sorea, M.: Lazy theorem proving for bounded model checking over infinite domains. In: Voronkov, A. (ed.) CADE 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2392, p. 438. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Emerson, E.A., Sistla, A.P.: Symmetry and model checking. Formal Methods in System Design 9, 105–131 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Grumberg, O., Long, D.E.: Model checking and modular verification. In: Groote, J.F., Baeten, J.C.M. (eds.) CONCUR 1991. LNCS, vol. 527, Springer, Heidelberg (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Heljanko, K.: Bounded reachability checking with process semantics. In: Larsen, K.G., Nielsen, M. (eds.) CONCUR 2001. LNCS, vol. 2154, p. 218. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Heljanko, K., Niemelä, I.: Bounded LTL model checking with stable models. In: Eiter, T., Faber, W., Truszczyński, M. (eds.) LPNMR 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2173, p. 200. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  19. McMillan, K.L.: Symbolic Model Checking: An Approach to the State Explosion Problem. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Niebert, P., Mahfoudh, M., Asarin, E., Bozga, M., Maler, O., Jain, N.: Verification of Timed Automata via Satisfiability Checking. In: Damm, W., Olderog, E.-R. (eds.) FTRTFT 2002. LNCS, vol. 2469, p. 225. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Peled, D.: Partial order reduction: Linear and branching temporal logics and process algebras. In: Proc. of POMIV 1996. ACM/AMS DIMACS Series, vol. 29, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Penczek, W., Szreter, M., Gerth, R., Kuiper, R.: Improving partial order reductions for universal branching time properties. Fundamenta Informaticae 43, 245–267 (2000)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Penczek, W., Woźna, B., Zbrzezny, A.: Bounded model checking for the universal fragment of CTL. Fundamenta Informaticae 51(1-2), 135–156 (2002)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Penczek, W., Woźna, B., Zbrzezny, A.: SAT-Based Bounded Model Checking for the Universal Fragment of TCTL. Technical Report 947, ICS PAS (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Penczek, W., Woźna, B., Zbrzezny, A.: Towards bounded model checking for the universal fragment of TCTL. In: Damm, W., Olderog, E.-R. (eds.) FTRTFT 2002. LNCS, vol. 2469, p. 265. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Sorea, M.: Bounded model checking for timed automata. In: Proc. of MTCS 2002. ENTCS, vol. 68(5), Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Tripakis, S., Yovine, S.: Analysis of timed systems using time-abstracting bisimulations. Formal Methods in System Design 18(1), 25–68 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Wolper, P., Godefroid, P.: Partial-order methods for temporal verification. In: Best, E. (ed.) CONCUR 1993. LNCS, vol. 715, Springer, Heidelberg (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Woźna, B., Penczek, W., Zbrzezny, A.: Reachability for timed systems based on SAT-solvers. In: Proc. of CS&P 2002. Informatik-Berichte Nr 161, vol. II. Humboldt University (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Woźna, B., Zbrzezny, A.: Reaching the limits for Bounded Model Checking. Technical Report 958, ICS PAS (2003)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Woźna, B., Zbrzezny, A. (2004). Checking ACTL * Properties of Discrete Timed Automata via Bounded Model Checking. In: Larsen, K.G., Niebert, P. (eds) Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems. FORMATS 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2791. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40903-8_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40903-8_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-21671-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-40903-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics