Skip to main content

Error-Bounded Probabilistic Computations between MA and AM

  • Conference paper
Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science 2003 (MFCS 2003)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 2747))

Abstract

We introduce the probabilistic complexity class SBP. This class emerges from BPP by keeping the promise of a probability gap but decreasing the probability limit to exponentially small values. We locate SBP in the polynomial-time hierarchy, more precisely, between MA and AM. We provide evidence that SBP does not coincide with these and other known complexity classes. We construct an oracle relative to which SBP is not contained in \({\mathrm{\Sigma^P_{2}}}\).

We provide a new characterization of BPPpath. This characterization shows that SBP is a subset of BPPpath. Consequently, there is an oracle relative to which BPPpath is not contained in \({\mathrm{\Sigma^P_{2}}}\).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aspnes, J., Fischer, D.F., Fischer, M.J., Kao, M.Y., Kumar, A.: Towards understanding the predictability of stock markets from the perspective of computational complexity. In: Proceedings of the twelfth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms, pp. 745–754. ACM Press, New York (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Babai, L.: Trading group theory for randomness. In: Proceedings 17th Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 421–429. ACM Press, New York (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Böhler, E., Glaßer, C., Meister, D.: Error-bounded probabilistic computations between MA and AM. Technical Report 299, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (2002), Available at http://www.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/reports/tr.html

  4. Boppana, R.B., Håstad, J., Zachos, S.: Does co-NP have short interactive proofs? Information Processing Letters 25(2), 127–132 (1987)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Babai, L., Moran, S.: Arthur-Merlin games: A randomized proof system, and a hierarchy of complexity classes. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 36, 254–276 (1988)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Baker, T.P., Selman, A.L.: A second step towards the polynomial hierarchy. Theoretical Computer Science 8, 177–187 (1979)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. de Leeuw, K., Moore, E.F., Shannon, C.E., Shapiro, N.: Computability by probabilistic machines. In: Shannon, C.E. (ed.) Automata Studies, Annals of Mathematical Studies, Rhode Island, vol. 34, pp. 183–198 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Fenner, S., Fortnow, L., Kurtz, S.: Gap-definable counting classes. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 48, 116–148 (1994)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Gill, J.: Probabilistic Turing Machines and Complexity of Computations. PhD thesis, University of California Berkeley (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gill, J.: Computational complexity of probabilistic turing machines. SIAM Journal on Computing 6, 675–695 (1977)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Goldreich, O., Micali, S., Widgerson, A.: Proofs that yield nothing but their validity or all languages in NP have zero-knowledge proof systems. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery 38(1), 691–729 (1991)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Gupta, S.: Closure properties and witness reductions. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 50, 412–432 (1995)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Hartmanis, J., Hemachandra, L.A.: Complexity classes without machines: On complete languages for UP. Theoretical Computer Science 58, 129–142 (1988)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Han, Y., Hemaspaandra, L.A., Thierauf, T.: Threshold computation and cryptographic security. SIAM Journal on Computing 26(1), 59–78 (1997)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Karp, R., Lipton, R.: Turing machines that take advice. L’enseignement mathématique 28, 191–209 (1982)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Santha, M.: Relativized Arthur-Merlin versus Merlin-Arthur games. Information and Computation 80, 44–49 (1989)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Schöning, U.: Graph isomorphism is in the low hierarchy. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 37, 312–323 (1988)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Schöning, U.: Probabilistic complexity classes and lowness. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 39, 84–100 (1989)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Simon, J.: On Some Central Problems in Computational Complexity. PhD thesis, Cornell University (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sipser, M.: On relativization and the existence of complete sets. In: Nielsen, M., Schmidt, E.M. (eds.) ICALP 1982. LNCS, vol. 140, pp. 523–531. Springer, Heidelberg (1982)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Sipser, M.: A complexity theoretic approach to randomness. In: Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 330–335 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Stockmeyer, L.: The polynomial-time hierarchy. Theoretical Computer Science 3, 1–22 (1977)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Vazirani, U.: Randomness, Adversaries and Computation. PhD thesis, University of California Berkeley (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Vereshchagin, N.K.: On the power of PP. In: Proceedings 7th Structure in Complexity Theory, pp. 138–143. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Wrathall, C.: Complete sets and the polynomial-time hierarchy. Theoretical Computer Science 3, 23–33 (1977)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. Yao, A.C.C.: Separating the polynomial-time hierarchy by oracles. In: Proceedings 26th Foundations of Computer Science, pp. 1–10. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (1985)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Böhler, E., Glaßer, C., Meister, D. (2003). Error-Bounded Probabilistic Computations between MA and AM. In: Rovan, B., Vojtáš, P. (eds) Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science 2003. MFCS 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2747. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45138-9_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45138-9_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-40671-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45138-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics