Abstract
We show that the use of tableaux with four types of signed formulas (the signs intuitively corresponding to positive/negative information concerning truth/falsity) provides a framework in which a diversity of logics can be handled in a uniform way. The logics for which we provide sound and complete tableau systems of this type are classical logic, the most important three-valued logics, the four-valued logic of logical bilattices (an extension of Belnap’s four-valued logic), Nelson’s logics for constructive negation, and da Costa’s paraconsistent logic C ω (together with some of its extensions). For the latter we provide new, simple semantics for which our tableau systems are sound and complete.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Arieli, O., Avron, A.: Reasoning with logical bilattices. J. of Logic, Language and Information 5(1), 25–63 (1996)
Arieli, O., Avron, A.: The value of four values. Artificial Intelligence 102(1), 97–141 (1998)
Anderson, A.R., Belnap, N.D.: Entailment, vol. I. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1975)
Anderson, A.R., Belnap, N.D.: Entailment, vol. II. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1992)
Almukdad, A., Nelson, D.: Constructible falsity and inexact predicates. Journal of Symbolic Logic 49, 231–333 (1984)
Avron, A.: On an implication connective of RM. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 27, 201–209 (1986)
Avron, A.: Natural 3-valued logics: characterization and proof theory. J. of Symbolic Logic 56(1), 276–294 (1991)
Avron, A.: On the expressive power of three-valued and four-valued languages. Journal of Logic and Computation 9, 977–994 (1999)
Avron, A.: Classical Gentzen-type methods in propositional many-valued logics. In: Fitting, M., Orlowska, E. (eds.) Beyond Two: Theory and Applications of Multiple-Valued Logic. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol. 114, pp. 117–155. Physica Verlag, Heidelberg (2003)
Baaz, M.: Kripke-type semantics for da Costa’s paraconsistent logic c ω . Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 27, 523–527 (1986)
Belnap, N.D.: How computers should think. In: Ryle, G. (ed.) Contemporary Aspects of Philosophy, pp. 30–56. Oriel Press, Stocksfield (1977)
Belnap, N.D.: A useful four-valued logic. In: Epstein, G., Dunn, J.M. (eds.) Modern Uses of Multiple-Valued Logic, pp. 7–37. Reidel, Dordrecht (1977)
Baaz, M., Fermüller, C.G., Salzer, G.: Automated deduction for many-valued logics. In: Robinson, A., Voronkov, A. (eds.) Handbook of Automated Reasoning. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam (2000)
Busch, D.: Sequent formalizations of three-valued logic. In: Partiality, Modality, and Nonmonotonicity. Studies in Logic, Language and Information, pp. 45–75. CSLI Publications, Stanford (1996)
Carnielli, W.A., Marcos, J.: A taxonomy of c-systems. In: Coniglio, M.E., Carnielli, W.A., D’ottaviano, I.L.M. (eds.) AAECC 1984. Lecture notes in pure and applied Mathematics, Marcell Dekker, New York, vol. 228. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
da Costa, N.C.A.: On the theory of inconsistent formal systems. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 15, 497–510 (1974)
D’ottaviano, I.L.M., da Costa, N.C.A.: Sur un problḿe de Jaskowski. C. R.Acad. Sc. Paris, Série A 270, 1349–1353 (1970)
D’ottaviano, I.L.M.: The completeness and compactness of a three-valued firstorder logic. Revista Colombiana de Matematicas XIX(1-2), 31–42 (1985)
Dunn, J.M.: Relevance logic and entailment, in [26], vol. III, ch. 3, pp. 117–224 (1986)
Epstein, R.L.: The semantic foundation of logic. In: Propositional logics, vol. I ch. IX. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht (1990)
Fitting, M.: Proof Methods for Modal and Intuitionistic Logics. Reidel, Dordrecht (1983)
Fitting, M.: Bilattices in logic programming. In: Epstein, G. (ed.) 20th Int. Symp. on Multiple- Valued Logic, pp. 238–246. IEEE Press, Los Alamitos (1990)
Fitting, M.: Kleene’s logic, generalized. Journal of Logic and Computation 1, 797–810 (1990)
Fitting, M.: Bilattices and the semantics of logic programming. Journal of Logic Programming 11(2), 91–116 (1991)
Fitting, M.: Kleene’s three-valued logics and their children. Fundamenta Informaticae 20, 113–131 (1994)
Gabbay, D.M., Guenthner, F.: Handbook of Philosophical Logic. D. Reidel Publishing company, Dordrecht (1986)
Ginsberg, M.L.: Multiple-valued logics. In: Ginsberg, M.L. (ed.) Readings in Non-Monotonic Reasoning, Los-Altos, CA, pp. 251–258 (1987)
Ginsberg, M.L.: Multivalued logics: a uniform approach to reasoning in AI. Computer Intelligence 4, 256–316 (1988)
Hähnle, R.: Tableaux for multiple-valued logics. In: D’Agostino, M., Gabbay, D.M., Hähnle, R., Posegga, J. (eds.) Handbook of Tableau Methods, pp. 529–580. Kluwer Publishing Company, Dordrecht (1999)
Jones, C.B.: Systematic Software Development Using VDM. Prentice-Hall International, U.K (1986)
Łukasiewicz, J.: On 3-valued logic. In: McCall, S. (ed.) Polish Logic. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1967)
Monteiro, A.: Construction des algebres de Łukasiewicz trivalentes dans les algebres de Boole monadiques, i. Mat. Jap. 12, 1–23 (1967)
Raggio, A.R.: Propositional sequence-calculi for inconsistent systems. Notre Dame Journal of Formal logic 9, 359–366 (1968)
Rozoner, L.I.: On interpretation of inconsistent theories. Information Sciences 47, 243–266 (1989)
Schmitt, P.H.: Computational aspects of three-valued logic. In: Siekmann, J.H. (ed.) CADE 1986. LNCS, vol. 230, pp. 190–198. Springer, Heidelberg (1986)
Slupecki, J.: Der volle dreiwertige aussagenkalkül. Com. rend. Soc. Sci. Lett. de Varsovie 29, 9–11 (1936)
von Kutschera, F.: Ein verallgemeinerter widerlegungsbegriff für Gentzenkalküle. Archiv fur Mathematische Logik und Grundlagenforschung 12, 104–118 (1969)
Wansing, H. (ed.): The Logic of Information Structures. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 681. Springer, Heidelberg (1993)
Wójcicki, R.: Lectures on Propositional Calculi. Ossolineum, Warsaw (1984)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Avron, A. (2003). Tableaux with Four Signs as a Unified Framework. In: Cialdea Mayer, M., Pirri, F. (eds) Automated Reasoning with Analytic Tableaux and Related Methods . TABLEAUX 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 2796. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45206-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45206-5_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-40787-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45206-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive