In 1919, the young theoretician Alfred Landé (1888–1976) in Frankfurt am Main showed in his habilitation thesis that satisfactory agreement could be reached between observed splittings of spectral lines in the ► Zeeman effect if one assumed that, in general, ► electrons contribute more to the total energy of the system than had been expected according to classical electron theory.
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Primary Literature
G. Herzberg: Atomic Spectra and Atomic Structure (New York: Prentice-Hall 1937, 2nd edn. New York: Dover Publications 1944)
C. Candler: Atomic Spectra and the Vector Model (Princeton: Van Nostrand 1937)
Secondary Literature
A. Barut: Alfred Landé, in: Physiker und Astronomen in Frankfurt (Neuwied: Metzner, 1989), 38–45, also available online as http://www.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/paf/paf38.html
P. Forman: Alfred Landé and the anomalous Zeeman Effect, 1919–1921. Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 2, 153–261 (1970)
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Hentschel, K. (2009). Landés g-factor and g-formula. In: Greenberger, D., Hentschel, K., Weinert, F. (eds) Compendium of Quantum Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_105
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