The mixing of quarks was first considered by Nicola Cabibbo in 1963 [6]. At that time only three quarks, u, d, and s were known. In order to explain observed differences in branching ratios of semileptonic decays of strange particles Cabibbo proposed that the d and s quarks are mixed and it is the mixture d′ = d cos θC + s sin θC which takes part in the weak interactions. The mixing angle θC = 12.7° is called the Cabibbo angle. LaterMakoto Kobayashi and ToshihideMaskawa [7] generalized this idea to the three families of quarks.
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Wróblewski, A.K. (2009). Mixing and Oscillations of Particles. In: Greenberger, D., Hentschel, K., Weinert, F. (eds) Compendium of Quantum Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_121
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