The parton model pictures hadrons as a collection of pointlike quasi-free particles. The model describes the cross section for high-energy scattering of hadrons with another particle as an incoherent sum of the cross sections of the pointlike partons in the hadron with the other particle. The hadronic factors in the cross sections are parametrized by “structure functions.” The parton model expresses the structure functions in terms of parton distribution functions that give the longitudinal momentum distribution of the partons in the given hadron. The parton distribution functions are found from experimental data in a given process and are used in the description of other processes (Fig. 1).
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Greenberg, O.W. (2009). Parton Model. In: Greenberger, D., Hentschel, K., Weinert, F. (eds) Compendium of Quantum Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_139
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