Skip to main content

“Who Are We Talking About?” Tracking the Referent in a Question Answering Series

  • Conference paper
Anaphora: Analysis, Algorithms and Applications (DAARC 2007)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 4410))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The capability of handling anaphora is becoming a key feature for Question Answering systems, as it can play a crucial role at different stages of the QA loop. At the question processing stage, on which this paper is focused, it enhances the treatment of follow-up questions, allowing for a more natural interaction with the user. As much as the QA task evolves towards a realistic dialogue-based scenario, one of the concrete problems raised by follow-up questions is tracking their actual referent. Each question may in fact refer to the topic of the session, to an answer given to an earlier question, or to a new entity it introduces in the dialogue. Focusing on the referent traceability problem, we present and experiment with a possible data-driven solution which exploits simple features of the input question and its surrounding context (the target of the session, and the previous questions) to inform the next phases of the QA process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Burger, J., et al.: Issues, Tasks and Program Structures to Roadmap Research in Question & Answering (Q&A). In: Document Understanding Conferences Roadmapping Documents (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Chai, J.Y., Jin, R.: Discourse Structure for Context Question Answering. In: Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL 2004 Workshop on Pragmatics of Question Answering, Boston, MA, May 6-7 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Fellbaum, C.: WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database. MIT Press, Cambridge (1998)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Fliedner, G.: Towards Natural Interactive Question Answering. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation - LREC-2006, Genoa, Italy, May 22-28 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Harabagiu, S., et al.: Experiments with Interactive Question-Answering. In: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA, June 25-30 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kouylekov, M., et al.: ITC-irst at TREC-2003: the DIOGENE QA system. In: Proceedings of TREC 2003 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Luo, X., et al.: A Mention-Synchronous Coreference Resolution Algorithm Based on the Bell Tree. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Barcelona, Spain, July 21 - 26 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Magnini, B., et al.: Mining Knowledge from Repeated Co-occurrences: DIOGENE at TREC-2002. In: Proceedings of TREC 2002 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Morton, T.: Coreference for NLP Applications. In: Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, Hong-Kong, October 3-6 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Morton, T.: Using coreference for question answering. In: Proceedings of the ACL 1999 Workshop on Coreference and Its Applications, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA, June 22 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  11. MUC-6: Proceedings of the Sixth Message Understanding Conference (MUC-6). Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  12. MUC-7: Proceedings of the Seventh Message Understanding Conference (MUC-7), Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ng, V., Cardie, C.: Improving Machine Learning Approaches to Coreference Resolution. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Philadelphia, PA, July 6-12 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Novischi, A., Moldovan, D.: Question Answering with Lexical Chains Propagating Verb Arguments. In: Proceedings of COLING-ACL 2006, Sydney, Australia, July 17-21 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Quinlan, R.: C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Soon, W.M., Ng, H.T., Lim, D.C.Y.: A Machine Learning Approach to Coreference Resolution of Noun Phrases. Computational Linguistics 27(4), 521–544 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Strube, M., Muller, C.: A Machine Learning Approach to Pronoun Resolution in Spoken Dialogue. In: Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, Sapporo, Japan, July 7-12 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Vicedo, J.L., Ferrández, A.: Importance of Pronominal Anaphora Resolution in Question Answering Systems. In: Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, Hong-Kong, October 3-6 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Voorhees, E.: Overview of the TREC 2004 Question Answering Track. In: TREC 2004 Proceedings (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Witten, I.H., Frank, E.: Data Mining: Practical machine learning tools and techniques. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2005)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Watson, R., Preiss, J., Briscoe, T.: The Contribution of Domain-Independent Robust Pronominal Anaphora Resolution to Open-Domain Question Answering. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Reference Resolution and its Applications to Question Answering and Summarization, Venice, Italy, June 23-25 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Yang, X., et al.: Coreference Resolution Using Competition Learning Approach Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, Sapporo, Japan, July 7-12 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

António Branco

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Negri, M., Kouylekov, M. (2007). “Who Are We Talking About?” Tracking the Referent in a Question Answering Series. In: Branco, A. (eds) Anaphora: Analysis, Algorithms and Applications. DAARC 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 4410. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71412-5_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71412-5_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-71411-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-71412-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics