Abstract
Copyright and integrity protection over product data is becoming an urgent requirement, because in a Distributed Networked Manufacturing environment, enterprises have to interact with each other to share product data. In this paper, we introduce a novel watermarking solution for product data based on the idea of fractal, which classifies product data watermarks into three tiers: fractal watermark, tree-structure watermark, and tree-node watermark. It embeds watermarks not only in value-carrying nodes but also in product structures that “glue” all the nodes together by embedding multiple structure watermarks in product data. Simulation results show that the proposed technique is robust against various forms of malicious attacks of product data, and naturally immune from structure transformation attacks and subtractive (sub-tree) attacks. Moreover, the solution can protect tree-structure data whose knowledge is mainly embodied in the tree structure efficiently. It is very easy to implement and popularize.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson, R. (ed.): IH 1996. LNCS, vol. 1174. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)
Petitcolas, F.A.P., Anderson, R.J., Kuhn, M.G.: Information Hiding -A Survey. Proceedings of the IEEE 87(7), 1062–1078 (1999)
Bender, W., et al.: Techniques for Data Hiding. IBM Systems Journal 35(3-4), 313–336 (1996)
Tirkel, A.Z., et al.: Electronic watermark. In: The Digital Image Computing - Techniques and Applications, Proceedings, vol. 2, Sydney, Australia, pp. 666–673 (1993)
Ruanaidh, J.J.K.O., Dowling, W.J., Boland, F.M.: Watermarking digital images for copyright protection. IEEE Proceedings, Vision, Image and Signal Processing 143(4), 250–256 (1996)
Hartung, F., Girod, B.: Watermarking of uncompressed and compressed video. Signal Process 66(3), 283–301 (1998)
Bone, Y.L., Tewfik, A.H., Hamdy, K.N.: Digital watermarks for audio signals. In: Proc. International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, Hiroshima, pp. 473–480 (1996)
Ohbuchi, R., Masuda, H., Aono, M.: Watermarking 3D polygonal models. In: Proc. Fifth ACM International Multimedia Conference, pp. 261–272 (1997)
Ohbuchi, R., Takahasi, S., Miyazawa, T.: Watermarking 3D Polygonal Meshes in the Mesh Spectral Domain. In: Proc. Graphics Interface, pp. 9–17 (2001)
Ohbuchi, R., Mukaiyama, A., Takahashi, S.: A Frequency-Domain Approach to Watermarking 3D Shapes. Computer Graphics Forum 21(3), 1–10 (2002)
Wagner, M.G.: Robust Watermarking of Polygonal Meshes. In: Proc. International Conference on Geometric Modeling & Processing, Hong Kong, pp. 201–208 (2000)
Aspert, N., Drelie, E., Ebrahimi, T.: Steganography for three-dimensional Polygonal Meshes. In: Proc. SPIE 47th Annual Meeting, Application of Digital Image Processing XXV, Seattle (2002)
Fornaro, C., Sanna, A.: Private Key Watermarking for Authentication of CSG Models. Computer-Aided Design 32, 727–735 (2000)
Agrawal, R., Haas, P.J., Kiernan, J.: Watermarking relational data: framework, algorithms and analysis. The VLDB Journal 12(2), 157–169 (2003)
Sion, R., Atallah, M., Prabhakar, S.: Rights protection for relational data. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 16(6), 1–17 (2004)
Thomborson, C., Nagra, J.: Threading Software Watermarks. In: Fridrich, J. (ed.) IH 2004. LNCS, vol. 3200, pp. 208–223. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Yuan, L., Pari, P.R., Qu, G.: Soft IP protection: watermarking HDL codes. In: Fridrich, J. (ed.) IH 2004. LNCS, vol. 3200, pp. 224–238. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Atallah, M.J., et al.: Natural language watermarking and tamperproofing. In: Petitcolas, F.A.P. (ed.) IH 2002. LNCS, vol. 2578, pp. 196–212. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Chang, L.-P., et al.: Natural Language Watermarking Using Semantic Substitution for Chinese Text. In: Kalker, T., Cox, I., Ro, Y.M. (eds.) IWDW 2003. LNCS, vol. 2939, pp. 129–140. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Sion, R.: Proving ownership over categorical data. In: Proc. IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, pp. 584–596 (2004)
Sion, R., Atallah, M., Prabhakar, S.: Resilient rights protection for sensor streams. In: Proc. 30th International Conference on VLDB, Toronto, Canada, pp. 732–743 (2004)
Sion, R., Atallah, M., Prabhakar, S.: Resilient information hiding for abstract semi-structures. In: Kalker, T., Cox, I., Ro, Y.M. (eds.) IWDW 2003. LNCS, vol. 2939, pp. 141–153. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Ng, W., Lau, H.-L.: Effective Approaches for Watermarking XML Data. In: Zhou, L.-z., Ooi, B.-C., Meng, X. (eds.) DASFAA 2005. LNCS, vol. 3453, pp. 68–80. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Inoue, S., et al.: A Proposal on Information Hiding Methods using XML. In: Proc. First NLP and XML Workshop, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 55–62 (2001)
Chen, G., et al.: Watermarking Abstract Tree-Structured Data. In: Fan, W., Wu, Z., Yang, J. (eds.) WAIM 2005. LNCS, vol. 3739, pp. 221–232. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Barnsley, M.F., Rising, H.: Fractals Everywhere, 2nd edn. Academic Press, Boston (1993)
Kerckhoffs, A.: La cryptographie militaire. Journal des sciences militaires IX, 5–83 (1883)
Harte, T., Bors, A.G.: Watermarking Graphical Objects. In: Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image, Rochester, New York (2002)
Craver, S., et al.: Resolving rightful ownerships with invisible watermarking techniques: Limitations, attacks, and implications. IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications 16(4), 573–586 (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Chen, K., Chen, G., Zang, C., Dong, J. (2007). A Fractal Watermark Solution for Product Data. In: Shen, W., Luo, J., Lin, Z., Barthès, JP.A., Hao, Q. (eds) Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design III. CSCWD 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4402. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72863-4_65
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72863-4_65
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-72862-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-72863-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)