Abstract
J. L. Austin’s theory of speech acts [1] identifies two classes of utterance:
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Constative statements, which can be either true or false.
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Performatives, which are neither true nor false but instead do something. Performatives can misfire (fail to have their conventional effect) if they are invoked by an inappropriate person or in inappropriate circumstances (e.g. a ship’s purser cannot validly marry two people; a priest cannot validly baptize a penguin).
A revised version of his theory recogised that some utterances can belong to both classes simultaneously. In this revised theory, locutions can have a illocutory aspect (doing something) and a perlocutory aspect (changing the recipients’ emotions or state of mind, e.g. by persuading them).
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References
Austin, J.L.: How to do things with words. In: Urmson, J.O., Sbisà, M. (eds.) Oxford Paperbacks (2004)
Derrida, J.: Signature, event, context. In: Margins of Philosophy, pp. 307–330. University of Chicago Press, Translated by Alan Bass (1984)
Howells, C.: Derrida: Deconstruction from Phenomenology to Ethics, vol. 3. Polity Press, Cambridge (1998)
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Roe, M. (2007). Non-repudiation and the Metaphysics of Presence. In: Christianson, B., Crispo, B., Malcolm, J.A., Roe, M. (eds) Security Protocols. Security Protocols 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4631. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77156-2_24
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77156-2_24
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