Abstract
A Variable Rate Selective Excitation (VERSE) is a type of Radio Frequency (RF) pulse that reduces the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of molecules in a specimen. As high levels of SAR lead to increased patient temperatures during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) procedures, we develop a selective VERSE pulse that is designed to minimize SAR while preserving its duration and slice profile; called the generalized VERSE (gVERSE). After the formulation of a rigorous mathematical model, the nonlinear gVERSE optimization problem is solved via an optimal control approach. Using the state of the art Sparse Optimal Control Software (SOCS), two separate variations of SAR reducing gVERSE pulses were generated. The Magnetic Resonance (MR) signals produced by numerical simulations were then tested and analyzed by an MRI simulator. Computational experiments involved with the gVERSE model provided constant RF pulse levels and had encouraging results with respect to MR signals. The testing results produced by the gVERSE pulse illustrate the potential advanced optimization techniques have in designing RF sequences.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bertsekas, D. P.: Nonlinear Programming. Athena Scientific, Belmont, Massachusetts (1995)
Betts, J. T.: Practical Methods for Optimal Control Using Nonlinear Programming. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia (2001)
Betts, J. T., and Huffman, W. P.: Manual: Release 6.2 M and CT-TECH-01-014. The Boeing Company, PO Box 3707. Seattle, WA 98124-2207 (2001)
Bushong, S. C.: Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical and Biological Principles. Mosby, Toronto, 2nd edition (1996)
Conolly, S. M., Nishimura, D. G., and Macovski, A.: Optimal Control Solutoins to the Magnetic Resonace Selelctive Excitation Problem. IEEE Transacitons on Medical Imaging, MI-5, 106-115 (1986)
Conolly, S. M., Glover, G., Nishimura, D. G., and Macovski, A.: Variable-Rate Selective Excitation. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 78, 440-458 (1988)
Curry, T. S., Dowdey, J. E., and Murry, R. C.: Christensen’s Physics of Diagnostic Radiology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, New York, 4th edition (1990)
Haacke, E. M., Brown, R. W., Thompson, M. R., and Venkatesan, R.: Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design, John Wiley and Sons, Toronto (1999)
Liang, Z. P., and Lauterbur, P. C.: Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Signal Processing Perspective. IEEE Press, New York, New York (2001)
Nishimura, D. G.: Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, San Francisco (1996)
Shen, J.: Delayed-Focus Pulses Obtimized Using Simulated Annealing. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 149, 234-238 (2001)
Stoyan, S. J.: Variable Rate Selective Excitation RF Pulse in MRI. M.Sc. Thesis: McMaster University, Hamilton (2004)
Ulloa, J. L., Guarini, M., and Irarrazaval, P.: Chebyshev Series for Designing RF Pulses Employing an Optimal Control Approach. IEEE Transacitons on Medical Imaging, 23, 1445-1452 (2004)
Wu, X. L., Xu, P., and Freeman, R.: Delayed-Focus Pulses for Magnetic Resonace Imaging: An Evolutionary Approach. Magnetic Resonance Medicine, 20, 165-170 (1991)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Anand, C.K., Stoyan, S.J., Terlaky, T. (2008). The gVERSE RF Pulse: An Optimal Approach to MRI Pulse Design. In: Bock, H.G., Kostina, E., Phu, H.X., Rannacher, R. (eds) Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Complex Processes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79409-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79409-7_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-79408-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-79409-7
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)