Abstract
Head- and eye-tracked 3D display systems provide glass-free 3D experience while offering a free movement of the observer within the tracking range. In either autostereoscopic or holographic 3D displays, eye-tracking systems are used for following left and right eye position of the observer in real time. Knowing the exact eye positions, the 3D display system provides the proper perspective views to the display user. For autostereoscopic displays these are left and right 2D stereo sub-images, whereas for holographic displays these are left and right holographic 3D reconstruction, respectively. For angular separation of the particular views, special optical light–steering devices are employed. Thus, a fast eye tracking combined with smooth light steering ensures a complete 3D visualization for the user at any time over a wide viewing range.
In this chapter, we first discuss general aspects of video-based eye tracking for their application in 3D displays and present implementations of real-time eye-tracking systems in autostereoscopic and holographic 3D displays. Then an implementation of an eye-tracking system is discussed in detail including the actual hardware and software solutions and achieved performance. Commercially available solutions for eye tracking are evaluated in terms of their specifications and suitability for tracked 3D displays and compared with our system. We then continue with a general description of the optical system required for providing the designated views of a 3D display. Finally, we conclude with a brief summary and offer a perspective on possible future developments of tracked 3D displays.
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Abbreviations
- API:
-
Application Programming Interface
- ASD:
-
Autostereoscopic Display
- CPU:
-
Central Processing Unit
- DSP:
-
Digital Signal Processor
- ET:
-
Eye Tracking
- EWOD:
-
Electrowetting on Dielectrics
- FD:
-
Face Detection
- FOV:
-
Field of View
- FPGA:
-
Field-Programmable Gate Array
- HAL:
-
Hardware Abstraction Layer
- IR:
-
Infrared
- LVDS:
-
Low-Voltage Differential Signaling
- MC:
-
Master Control
- OEM:
-
Original Equipment Manufacturer
- PC:
-
Personal Computer
- PCA:
-
Principal Component Analysis
- PHY:
-
Physical Layer of Ethernet
- RAM:
-
Random-Access Memory
- ROI:
-
Region-Of-Interest
- SDK:
-
Software Development Kit
- SRIO:
-
Serial Variant of RapidIO
- SL:
-
Support Layer
- SVM:
-
Support Vector Machine
- VW:
-
Viewing Window
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Further Reading
Chen Y-S, Su C-H, Chen J-H, Chen C-S, Hung Y-P, Fuh C-S (2001) Video-based eye tracking for autostereoscopic displays. Opt Eng, SPIE, 40:2726–2734
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Zschau, E., Reichelt, S. (2012). Head- and Eye-Tracking Solutions for Autostereoscopic and Holographic 3D Displays. In: Chen, J., Cranton, W., Fihn, M. (eds) Handbook of Visual Display Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_114
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_114
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