Abstract
This paper presents a personal verification system based on two different biometric traits: handwritten signature and speech. The signature verification system uses contour-based features and a Dynamic Time Warping technique for matching. The speaker verification system uses cepstral based coefficients and is based on a Hidden Markov Model statistical classifier. In the decision combination stage, the decisions provided by the two systems are combined according to a simple abstract–level combination approach. The experimental results related to a real-scenario demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and highlight some profitable directions for further developments.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Urèche, O., Plamondon, R.: Document Transport, Transfer, and Exchange, Security and Commercial Aspects. In: Proc. ICDAR 1999, Bangalore, India, pp. 585–588 (September 1999)
Zhang, D., Campbell, J.P., Maltoni, D., Bolle, R.M.(eds.): Special Issue on Biometric Systems. IEEE Trans. on Syst., Man and Cybernetics – Part C 35(3) (August 2005)
Boyer, K.W., Govindaraju, V., Ratha, N.K.(eds.): Special Issue on Recent Advances in Biometric Systems. IEEE Trans. on Syst., Man and Cyb. – Part B 37(5) (October 2007)
Impedovo, D., Pirlo, G.: Automatic Signature Verification – The State of the Art. IEEE Trans. on Syst., Man and Cybernetics – Part C (September 2008) (in press)
Plamondon, R., Lorette, G.: Automatic Signature Verification and Writer Identification – The State of the Art. Pattern Recognition 22(2), 107–131 (1989)
Leclerc, F., Plamondon, R.: Automatic Signature Verification: The State of the Art – 1989 1993. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence (IJPRAI) 8(3), 643–660 (1994); In: Plamondon, R.(ed.) Special Issue on Progress in Automatic Signature Verification, Series, MPAI, p. 320. World Scientific (1994)
Nalwa, V.S.: Automatic On-line Signature Verification. Proceedings of the IEEE 85(2), 215–239 (1997)
Fairhurst, M.C.: Signature Verification Revisited: Promoting Practical Exploitation of Biometric Technology. IEE Electronics and Communication Engineering Journal (ECEJ) 9(6), 273–280 (1997)
Plamondon, R., Srihari, S.N.: On line and Off line Handwriting Recognition: A Compre-hensive Survey. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (T-PAMI) 22(1), 63–84 (2000)
Vielhauer, C.: A Behavioural Biometrics. Public Service Review: European Union (9), 113–115 (2005)
Dimauro, G., Impedovo, S., Lucchese, M.G., Modugno, R., Pirlo, G.: Recent Advance-ments in Automatic Signature Verification. In: 9th International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (IWFHR-9), Kichijoji, October 25-29, pp. 179–184 (2004)
Campbell, J.P.: Speaker Recognition: A tutorial. Proc. of IEEE, 1437–1462 (1997)
Reynolds, D.A.: Speaker Identification and Verification using Gaussian Mixture Speaker Models. Speech Communication, 91–108 (1995)
Linares, L.R., Mateo, C.G., Castro, J.L.A.: On combining classifiers for speaker authentication. Pattern Recognition, 347–359 (2003)
Dimauro, G., Impedovo, S., Pirlo, G.: A new methodology for the measurement of local stability in dynamic signatures. In: Proc. International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition IV, Taipei, Taiwan, December 7-9, pp. 135–144 (1994)
Bajaj, R., Chaudhury, S.: Signature Verification Using Multiple Neural Classifiers. Pattern Recognition 30(1), 1–7 (1997)
Ramesh, V.E., Narasimha Murty, M.: Off-line signature verification using genetically optimized weighted features. Pattern Recognition 32(2), 217–233 (1999)
Rabiner, L.R., Levinson, S.E.: Isolated and connected word recognition. Theory and Selected applications. IEEE Transactions on Communications 29(5), 621–659 (1981)
Di Lecce, V., Dimauro, G., Guerriero, A., Impedovo, S., Pirlo, G., Salzo, A., Sarcinella, L.: Selection of Reference Signatures for Automatic Signature Verification. In: Proc. Of Int. Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition 1999, Bangalore, pp. 597–600 (1999)
Dimauro, G., Impedovo, S., Pirlo, G.: On-line Signature Verification through a Dynamical Segmentation Technique. In: Proceedings 3th International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, NY, USA, pp. 262–271 (1993)
Yoshimura, I., Yoshimura, M.: On-line signature verification incorporating the direction pen movement - An experimental examination of the effectiveness. In: Impedovo, S., Simon, J.C. (eds.) From Pixels to Features III - Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, pp. 353–362. Elsevier Publ., Amsterdam (1992)
Rabiner, L.R., Schafer, R.: Digital Processing of Speech Signals, ISBN: 0132136031
Hoppenheim, A.V., Schafer, R.W.: Homomorphic Analysis of Speech. IEEE Transaction On Audio and Electroacustics AU-16(2), 221–226
Deller, J., Hansen, J., Proakis, J.: Discrete-Time Processing of Speech Signals. Classic Reissue. IEEE Press, Los Alamitos (1999)
Impedovo, D., Refice, M.: Modular Engineering Prototyping Plan for Speech Recognition in a Visual Object Oriented Environment. In: Information Science and Applications, pp. 2228–2234 (2005)
Impedovo, D., Refice, M.: The Influence of Frame Length on Speaker Identification Per-formance. In: IEEE Proceedings of IAS (2007)
Baum, L., Petrie, T., Soules, G., Weiss, N.: A maximization technique occurring in the statistical analysis of probabilistic functions of Markov chains. Ann. Math. Stat. 14, 164–171 (1970)
Dempster, A.P., Laird, N.M., Rubin, D.B.: Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. J. Royal Statistical Society 39(1), 1–38 (1977)
Rabiner, L.R.: A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition. Proc. of the IEEE 77(2), 257–286 (1989)
Suen, C.Y., Nadal, C., Legault, R., Mai, T.A., Lam, L.: Computer Recognition of unconstrained handwritten numerals. Proc. IEEE 80, 1162–1180 (1992)
Suen, C.Y., Nadal, C., Legault, R., Mai, T.A., Lam, L.: Computer Recognition of unconstrained handwritten numerals. Proc. IEEE 80, 1162–1180 (1992)
Velek, O., Jaeger, S., Nagakawa, M.: A Warping Technique for Normalizing Likelihood of Multiple Classifiers and its Effectiveness in Combined On-line/Off-line Japanese Character Recognition. In: Proc. of IWFHR, Niagara on the Lake (Canada), August 6-8, pp. 177–182 (2002)
Ross, A., Jain, A.K.: Multimodal Biometrics: An Overview. In: Proc. 12th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), September, Vien, pp. 1221–1224 (2004)
Kittler, J., Hatef, M., Duin, R.P.W., Matias, J.: On combining classifiers. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis Machine Intelligence 20(3), 226–239 (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Impedovo, D., Pirlo, G., Refice, M. (2008). Handwritten Signature and Speech: Preliminary Experiments on Multiple Source and Classifiers for Personal Identity Verification. In: Srihari, S.N., Franke, K. (eds) Computational Forensics. IWCF 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5158. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85303-9_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85303-9_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-85302-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-85303-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)