Skip to main content

Agent Learning Instead of Behavior Implementation for Simulations – A Case Study Using Classifier Systems

  • Conference paper
Multiagent System Technologies (MATES 2008)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 5244))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Although multi-agent simulations are an intuitive way of conceptualizing systems that consist of autonomous actors, a major problem is the actual design of the agent behavior. In this contribution, we examine the potential of using agent-based learning for implementing the agent behavior. We enhanced SeSAm, a platform for agent-based simulation, by replacing the usual rule-based agent architecture by XCS, a well-known learning classifier system (LCS). The resulting model is tested using a simple evacuation scenario. The results show that on the one hand side plausible agent behavior could be learned. On the other hand side, though, the results are quite brittle concerning the frame of environmental feedback, perception and action modeling.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Holland, J.H., Reitman, J.S.: Cognitive systems based on adaptive algorithms. In: Waterman, D.A., Hayes-Roth, F. (eds.) Pattern directed inference systems, pp. 313–329. Academic Press, New York (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Butz, M.V.: Combining gradient-basedwith evolutionary online learning: An introduction to learning classifier systems. In: 7th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems HIS 2007, pp. 12–17 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Klügl, F., Rindsfüser, G.: Large-scale agent-based pedestrian simulation. In: Petta, P., Müller, J.P., Klusch, M., Georgeff, M. (eds.) MATES 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4687, pp. 145–156. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Wilson, S.W.: Classifier fitness based on accuracy. Evolutionary Computation 3(2), 149–175 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Weiss, G.: Adaptation and learning in multiagent systems: Some remarks and a bibliography. In: Weiss, G., Sen, S. (eds.) Adaption and learning in multi-agent systems. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Klügl, F., Tuys, K., Sen, S. (eds.): ALAMAS&ALAg - Adaptive and Learning Agents and Multiagent Systems (workshop at AAMAS 2008) (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sutton, R.S., Barto, A.G.: Reinforcement Learning. MIT Press, Cambridge (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Nowe, A., Verbeeck, K., Peeters, M.: Learning automata as a basis for multi agent reinforcement learning. In: Tuyls, K., ’t Hoen, P.J., Verbeeck, K., Sen, S. (eds.) LAMAS 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3898, pp. 71–85. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Oechslein, C., Hörnlein, A., Klügl, F.: Evolutionary optimization of societies in simulated multi-agent systems. In: Jonker, C., Letia, A., Lindemann, G., Uthmann, T. (eds.) MASHO Workshop at ECAI 2000, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, vol. 149 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Smith, D.C., Cypher, A., Spohrer, J.: Kidsim: Programming agents without a programming language. Communications of the ACM 37(7), 54–67 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Adami, C.: Introduction to Artificial Life. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Grefenstette, J.J.: The Evolution of Strategies for Multi-agent Environments. Adaptive Behavior 1, 65–89 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Collins, R.J., Jefferson, D.R.: Antfarm: Towards simulated evolution. In: Langton, C.G., Taylor, C., Farmer, J.D., Rasmussen, S. (eds.) Artificial Life II, pp. 579–601. Addison-Wesley, Redwood City (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Denzinger, J., Fuchs, M.: Experiments in learning prototypical situations for variants of the pursuit game. In: Proc. of Int. Conf. on Multi-Agent Systems, 1996, Kyoto 1996, pp. 48–55 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Guessoum, Z., Rejeb, L., Durand, R.: Using adaptive multi-agent systems to simulate economic models. In: AAMAS 2004, pp. 68–75. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lanzi, P.L.: Learning classifier systems from a reinforcement learning perspective. Soft Computing: A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications 6, 162–170 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Holland, J.H.: Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, 2nd edn. (1992). University of Michigan Press (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Goldberg, D.E.: Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1989)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Orriols-Puig, A., Bernadó-Mansilla, E.: Bounding XCS’s parameters for unbalanced datasets. In: GECCO 2006: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pp. 1561–1568 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Butz, M.V.: Rule-Based Evolutionary Online Learning Systems: A Principled Approach to LCS Analysis and Design. Springer, Berlin (2006)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Butz, M.V.: XCSJava 1.0: An implementation of the XCS classifier system in Java. IlliGAL report 2000027, Illinois Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2000)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Ralph Bergmann Gabriela Lindemann Stefan Kirn Michal Pěchouček

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Klügl, F., Hatko, R., Butz, M.V. (2008). Agent Learning Instead of Behavior Implementation for Simulations – A Case Study Using Classifier Systems. In: Bergmann, R., Lindemann, G., Kirn, S., Pěchouček, M. (eds) Multiagent System Technologies. MATES 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 5244. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87805-6_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87805-6_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-87804-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-87805-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics