Abstract
IPSec is a suite of protocols that adds security to communications at the IP level. Protocols within IPSec make extensive use of two databases, namely the Security Policy Database (SPD) and the Security Association Database (SAD). The ability to query the SPD quickly is fundamental as this operation needs to be done for each incoming or outgoing IP packet, even if no IPSec processing needs to be applied on it. This may easily result in millions of query per second in gigabit networks.
Since the databases may be of several thousands of records on large secure gateways, a dedicated hardware solution is needed to support high throughput and to prevent denial of service attacks. In this paper we discuss an architecture for these query units, we propose different query methods for the two databases, and we compare them through simulation. Two different versions of the architecture are presented: the first is a serial architecture that is able to perform up to 7.5 million queries per second; the second is a multithreaded architecture that can perform up to 11 million queries per second.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Kent, S., Atkinson, R.: Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol – RFC2401. IETF RFC (1998)
Kent, S., Atkinson, R.: IP Authentication Header – RFC2402. IETF RFC (1998)
Kent, S., Atkinson, R.: IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) – RFC2406. IETF RFC (1998)
Harkins, D., Carrell, D.: The Internet Key Exchange (IKE) – RFC2409. IETF RFC (1998)
Kent, S.: IP Authentication Header – RFC4302. IETF RFC (2005)
Kent, S.: IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) – RFC4303. IETF RFC (2005)
Shacham, A., Monsour, R., Pereira, R., Thomas, M.: IP Payload Compression Protocol (IPComp) – RFC2393. IETF RFC (1998)
Feghhi, J., Feghhi, J.: Secure Networking with Windows 2000 and Trust Services. Addison-Wesley, Reading (2001)
Yuan, R., Strayer, W.T.: Virtual Private Networks. Addison-Wesley, Reading (2001)
Miltchev, S., Ioannidis, S., Keromytis, A.D.: A Study of the Relative Costs of Network Security Protocols. In: USENIX Annual Technical Program, Monterey, CA (2002)
Ariga, S., Nagahashi, K., Minami, M., Esaki, H., Murai, J.: Performance Evaluation of Data Transmission Using IPSec Over IPv6 Networks. In: INET, Yokohama, Japan (2000)
Ferrante, A., Piuri, V., Owen, J.: IPSec Hardware Resource Requirements Evaluation. In: NGI 2005, Rome, Italy, EuroNGI (2005)
Ferrante, A., Piuri, V.: High-level Architecture of an IPSec-dedicated System on Chip. In: NGI 2007, Trondheim, Norway. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2007)
Friend, R.: Making the Gigabit IPSec VPN Architecture Secure. IEEE Computer 37, 54–60 (2004)
Pagiamtzis, K.: CAM Primer (n.a.), http://www.eecg.toronto.edu/pagiamt/cam/camintro.html
Pagiamtzis, K., Sheikholeslami, A.: Pipelined Match-lines and Hierarchical Search-lines for Low-power Content-addressable Memories. In: IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, pp. 383–386 (2003)
Chandra, P., Lakshmanamurty, S., Yavatkar, R.: Intel Corporation – Intel IXP2400 Network Processor: A Second-Generation Intel NPU. In: Crowley, P., Franklin, M.A., Hadimioglu, H., Onufryk, P.Z. (eds.) Network Processor Design, vol. 1, pp. 259–275. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2003)
Tzeng, H.H.-Y., Przygienda, T.: On Fast Address-Lookup Algorithms. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 17, 1067–1082 (1999)
Hennessy, J., Patterson, D.: Computer Architecture: a Quantitative Approach, 3rd edn. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco (2002)
SystemC Official Website (n.a.), http://www.systemc.org/
The Internet Traffic Archive (n.a.), http://ita.ee.lbl.gov/
TCPDUMP Public Repository (n.a.), http://www.tcpdump.org/
Ferrante, A., Piscopo, G., Scaldaferri, S.: Application-driven Optimization of VLIW Architectures: a Hardware-Software Approach. In: Real-Time and Embedded Technology Applications, pp. 128–137. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2005)
Jouppi, N., Reinman, G., Shivakumar, P., Wilton, S.: CACTI (n.a.), http://research.compaq.com/wrl/people/jouppi/CACTI.html
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ferrante, A., Chandra, S., Piuri, V. (2008). IPSec Database Query Acceleration. In: Filipe, J., Obaidat, M.S. (eds) E-business and Telecommunications. ICETE 2007. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 23. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88653-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88653-2_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-88652-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-88653-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)