Abstract
Petri nets offer a bipartite and concurrent paradigm, and consequently represent a natural choice for modeling and analyzing biochemical networks. We introduce a Petri net structuring technique contributing to a better understanding of the network behavior and requiring static analysis only. We determine a classification of the transitions into abstract dependent transition sets, which induce connected subnets overlapping in interface places only. This classification allows a structured representation of the transition invariants by network coarsening. The whole approach is algorithmically defined, and thus does not involve human interaction. This structuring technique is especially helpful for analyzing biochemically interpreted Petri nets, where it supports model validation of biochemical reaction systems reflecting current comprehension and assumptions of what has been designed by natural evolution.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bause F, Kritzinger PS (2002) Stochastic Petri nets. Vieweg, Wiesbaden
Chaouiya C (2007) Petri net modelling of biological networks. Brief Bioinform 8(4):210–219
Charlie Website (2008) A tool for the analysis of place/transition nets. BTU Cottbus. http://www-dssz.informatik.tu-cottbus.de/software/charlie/charlie.html
Christensen S, Petrucci L (2000) Modular analysis of Petri nets. Comput J 43(3):224–242
Colom JM, Silva M (1991) Convex geometry and semiflows in P/T nets. In: A comparative study of algorithms for computation of minimal P-semiflows. LNCS, vol 483. Springer, Berlin, pp 79–112
David R, Alla H (2005) Discrete, continuous, and hybrid Petri nets. Springer, Berlin
Desel J, Juhás G (2001) What is a Petri net? In: Unifying Petri nets—advances in Petri nets, Tokyo, 2001. LNCS, vol 2128. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–25
Grafahrend-Belau E, Schreiber F, Heiner M, Sackmann A, Junker B, Grunwald S, Speer A, Winder K, Koch I (2008) Modularization of biochemical networks based on classification of Petri net T-invariants. BMC Bioinform 9:90
Gilbert D, Heiner M (2006) From Petri nets to differential equations—an integrative approach for biochemical network analysis. In: Proceedings of the ICATPN 2006. LNCS, vol 4024. Springer, Berlin, pp 181–200
Gilbert D, Heiner M, Lehrack S (2007) A unifying framework for modelling and analysing biochemical pathways using Petri nets. In: Proceedings of the CMSB 2007. LNCS/LNBI, vol 4695. Springer, Berlin, pp 200–216
Gilbert D, Heiner M, Rosser S, Fulton R, Gu X, Trybiło M (2008) A case study in model-driven synthetic biology. In: Proceedings of the 2nd IFIP conference on biologically inspired collaborative computing (BICC), IFIP WCC 2008, Milano, pp 163–175
Heiner M, Donaldson R, Gilbert D (2010) Petri nets for systems biology. In: Iyengar MS (ed) Symbolic systems biology: theory and methods. Jones and Bartlett, Boston (to appear)
Hucka M, Finney A, Sauro HM, Bolouri H, Doyle JC, Kitano H et al. (2003) The systems biology markup language (SBML): a medium for representation and exchange of biochemical network models. J Bioinform 19:524–531
Heiner M, Gilbert D, Donaldson R (2008) Petri nets in systems and synthetic biology. In: Schools on formal methods (SFM). LNCS, vol 5016. Springer, Berlin, pp 215–264
Heiner M, Koch I (2004) Petri net based model validation in systems biology. In: Proceedings of the 25th ICATPN 2004. LNCS, vol 3099. Springer, Berlin, pp 216–237
Heiner M, Koch I, Will J (2004) Model validation of biological pathways using Petri nets—demonstrated for apoptosis. Biosystems 75:15–28
Hofestädt R (1994) A Petri net application of metabolic processes. J Syst Anal Model Simul 16:113–122
Heiner M, Richter R, Schwarick M (2008) Snoopy—a tool to design and animate/simulate graph-based formalisms. In: Proceedings of the PNTAP 2008, associated to SIMUTools 2008. ACM digital library
Koch I, Heiner M (2008) Petri nets. In: Junker BH, Schreiber F (eds) Biological network analysis. Book series on bioinformatics. Wiley, New York, pp 139–179
Koch I, Junker BH, Heiner M (2005) Application of Petri net theory for modeling and validation of the sucrose breakdown pathway in the potato tuber. Bioinformatics 21(7):1219–1226
Kohn KW, Riss J, Aprelikova O, Weinstein JN, Pommier Y, Barrett JC (2004) Properties of switch-like bioregulatory networks studied by simulation of the hypoxia response control system. Mol Cell Biol 15:3042–3052
Lautenbach K (1973) Exact liveness conditions of a Petri net class. GMD Report 82, Bonn (in German)
Larhlimi A, Bockmayr A (2005) Minimal metabolic behaviors and the reversible metabolic space. Preprint No 299, FU Berlin, DFG-Research Center Matheon
Larhlimi A, Bockmayr A (2008) On inner and outer descriptions of the steady-state flux cone of a metabolic network. In: Proceedings of the CMSB 2008. LNCS/LNBI, vol 5307. Springer, Berlin, pp 308–327
Mendes P (1993) GEPASI: a software package for modelling the dynamics, steady states and control of biochemical and other systems. Comput Appl Biosci 9:563–571
Matsuno H, Li C, Miyano S (2006) Petri net based descriptions for systematic understanding of biological pathways. IEICE Trans Fundam Electron Commun Comput Sci E89-A(11):3166–3174
Matsuno H, Tanaka Y, Aoshima H, Doi A, Matsui M, Miyano S (2003) Biopathways representation and simulation on hybrid functional Petri net. In: Silico Biol 3(0032)
Murata T (1989) Petri nets: properties, analysis and applications. Proc IEEE 77 4:541–580
Pagnoni A (1990) Project engineering: computer-oriented planning and operational decision making. Springer, Berlin
Palsson BO (2006) Systems biology: properties of reconstructed networks. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Pascoletti KH (1986) Diophantine systems and solution methods to determine all Petri nets invariants. GMD Report 160, Bonn (in German)
Pedersen M (2008) Compositional definitions of minimal flows in Petri nets. In: Proceedings of the CMSB 2008. LNCS/LNBI, vol 5307. Springer, Berlin, pp 288–307
Petri CA (1962) Communication with Automata (in German). Schriften des Instituts für Instrumentelle Mathematik, Bonn
Peterson JL (1981) Petri net theory and the modeling of systems. Prentice–Hall, New York
Papin JA, Reed JL, Palsson PO (2004) Hierarchical thinking in network biology: the unbiased modularization of biochemical networks. Trends Biochem Sci 29(12):641–647
Priese L, Wimmel H (2003) Theoretical informatics—Petri nets. Springer, Berlin (in German)
Popova-Zeugmann L, Heiner M, Koch I (2005) Time Petri nets for modelling and analysis of biochemical networks. Fundam Inform 67:149–162
Reddy VN (1994) Modeling biological pathways: a discrete event systems approach. Master thesis, University of Maryland
Reisig W (1982) Petri nets; an introduction. Springer, Berlin
Reddy VN, Mavrovouniotis ML, Liebman ML (1993) Petri net representations in metabolic pathways. In Proceedings of the international conference on intelligent systems for molecular biology
Sackmann A (2005) Modelling and simulation of signal transduction pathways in saccharomyces cerevisiae using Petri net theory. Diploma thesis, Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald (in German)
Sackmann A, Heiner M, Koch I (2006) Application of Petri net based analysis techniques to signal transduction pathways. BMC Bioinform 7:482
Schuster S, Hilgetag C, Schuster R (1993) Determining elementary modes of functioning in biochemical reaction networks at steady state. In Proceedings of the second Gauss symposium, pp 101–114
Schilling CH, Letscher D, Palsson BO (2000) Theory for the systemic definition of metabolic pathways and their use in interpreting metabolic function from a pathway-oriented perspective. Theor Biol 203:229–248
Snoopy website (2008) A tool to design and animate/simulate graphs. BTU Cottbus. http://www-dssz.informatik.tu-cottbus.de/software/snoopy.html
Schuster S, Pfeiffer T, Moldenhauer F, Koch I, Dandekar T (2002) Exploring the pathway structure of metabolism: decomposition into subnetworks and application to mycoplasma pneumoniae. BioInformatics 18(2):351–361
Starke PH (1980) Petri nets: foundations, applications, theory. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin (in German)
Starke PH (1990) Analysis of Petri net models. Teubner, Stuttgart (in German)
Toudic JM (1982) Linear algebra algorithms for the structural analysis of Petri nets. Rev Tech Thomson CSF (France) 14(1):137–156 (in French)
Winder K (2006) Invariant-based structural characterization of Petri nets. Diploma thesis. BTU Cottbus, Dep of CS (in German)
Yu Y, Wang G, Simha R, Peng W, Turano F, Zeng C (2007) Pathway switching explains the sharp response characteristic of hypoxia response network system. PLos Comput Biol 8(3):1657–1668
Zaitsev DA (2005) Functional Petri nets. TR 224, CNRS
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Heiner, M. (2009). Understanding Network Behavior by Structured Representations of Transition Invariants. In: Condon, A., Harel, D., Kok, J., Salomaa, A., Winfree, E. (eds) Algorithmic Bioprocesses. Natural Computing Series. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88869-7_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88869-7_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-88868-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-88869-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)