Abstract
Imperceptibility, robustness and security are the vital considerations in the design of any audio watermarking scheme for copyrights protection. In this paper, a secure and robust audio watermarking scheme involving multiple scrambling and adaptive synchronization is proposed. To prevent the unauthorized detection, the new scheme integrates multiple scrambling operations into the embedding process. That is, encrypting the watermark with a coded-image and randomly selecting certain subbands for the embedding process. Moreover, the detection utilizes adaptive synchronization to enhance the robustness under some destructive de-synchronization attacks, like random samples cropping/inserting, pitch-invariant time stretching, and tempo-preserved pitch shifting. Theoretical analysis and simulation results have revealed that the proposed scheme is self-secured indeed and also immune to a wide range of severe attacks.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Erküçük, S., Krishnan, S., Zeytinoǧlu, M.: A Robust Audio Watermark Representation Based on Linear Chirps. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 8(5), 925–936 (2006)
Petitcolas, F.A.P.: Watermarking Schemes Evaluation. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 17(5), 58–64 (2000)
Hartung, F., Kutter, M.: Multimedia Watermarking Techniques. Proceedings of the IEEE 87(7), 1079–1107 (1999)
Dittmann, J., Steinebach, M., Lang, A., Zmudizinski, S.: Advanced Audio Watermarking Benchmarking. In: Proceedings of SPIE International Symposium Electronic Imaging, vol. 5306, pp. 224–235 (2004)
Swanson, M.D., Zhu, B., Tewfik, A.H., Boney, L.: Robust Audio Watermarking Using Perceptual Masking. Signal Processing 66(3), 337–355 (1998)
Tachibana, R., Shimizu, S., Kobayashi, S.: An Audio Watermarking Method Using A Two-dimensional Pseudo-random Array. Signal Processing 82(10), 1455–1469 (2002)
Xiang, S.J., Huang, J.W., Yang, R., Wang, C.T., Liu, H.M.: Robust Audio Watermarking Based on Low-Order Zernike Moments. In: Shi, Y.Q., Jeon, B. (eds.) IWDW 2006. LNCS, vol. 4283, pp. 226–240. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Li, W., Xue, X.: Audio Watermarking Based on Music Content Analysis Robust Against Time Scale Modification. In: Kalker, T., Cox, I., Ro, Y.M. (eds.) IWDW 2003. LNCS, vol. 2939, pp. 289–300. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Xiang, S.J., Huang, J.W., Yang, R.: Time-Scale Invariant Audio Watermarking Based on the Statistical Features in Time Domain. In: Camenisch, J.L., Collberg, C.S., Johnson, N.F., Sallee, P. (eds.) IH 2006. LNCS, vol. 4437. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Lin, Y.Q., Abdulla, W.H.: Robust Audio Watermarking Technique Based on Gammatone Filterbank and Coded-Image. In: International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Application (ISSPA 2007) (2007)
Lin, Y.Q., Abdulla, W.H.: Robust Audio Watermarking for Copyrights Protection. Technical Report (No. 650), Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Auckland (2006), http://www.ece.auckland.ac.nz/~wabd002/Publications
Kirovski, D., Malvar, H.S.: Spread-spectrum Watermarking of Audio Signals. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 51(4), 1020–1033 (2003)
Abdulla, W.H.: Auditory Based Feature Vectors for Speech Recognition Systems. In: Mastorakis, N.E., Kluev, V.V. (eds.) Advances in Communications and Software Technologies, pp. 231–236. WSEAS Press (2002)
Gurijala, A., Deller Jr., J.R.: Robust Algorithm for Watermark Recovery from Cropped Speech. In: IEEE International Conference on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2001), vol. 3, pp. 1357–1360 (2001)
ISO/IEC 11172-3: Information Technology - Coding of Moving Picture and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media Up To About 1.5Mbit/s. British Standard. BSI London (1993)
Tachibana, R.: Improving Audio Watermarking Robustness Using Stretched Patterns Against Geometric Distortion. In: Chen, Y.-C., Chang, L.-W., Hsu, C.-T. (eds.) PCM 2002. LNCS, vol. 2532, pp. 647–654. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
EBU: SQAM - Sound Quality Assessment Material, http://sound.media.mit.edu/mpeg4/audio/sqam/
Kabal, P.: An Examination and Interpretation of ITU-R BS.1387: Perceptual Evaluation of Audio Quality. TSP Lab Technical Report, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, McGill University (2003), http://www.TSP.ECE.McGill.CA/MMSP/Documents
Spanias, A.S.: Speech Coding: A Tutorial Review. Proceedings of the IEEE 82(10), 1541–1582 (1994)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lin, Y., Abdulla, W.H. (2008). Multiple Scrambling and Adaptive Synchronization for Audio Watermarking. In: Shi, Y.Q., Kim, HJ., Katzenbeisser, S. (eds) Digital Watermarking. IWDW 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5041. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92238-4_34
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92238-4_34
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-92237-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-92238-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)