Abstract
In this paper we present a study of the application of a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and a Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) algorithms to the estimation of the concentration of nitrates in water. Our study starts from the definition a model for the Ultra-violet spectrophotometry transmittance curves of water samples with nitrate content. This model consists in a mixture of polynomial, Fermi and Gaussian functions. Then, optimization algorithms must be used to obtain the optimal parameters of the model which minimize the distance between the modeled transmittance curves and a measured curve (curve fitting process [1]). This process allows us to separate the modeled transmittance curve in several components, one of them associated to the nitrate concentration, which can be used to estimate such concentration. We test our proposal in several laboratory samples consisting in water with different nitrate content, and then in three real samples measured in different locations around Madrid, Spain. In these last set of samples, different contaminant can be found, and the problem is therefore harder. The PSO and VNS algorithms tested show good performance in determining the nitrate concentration of water samples.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Hu, Y., Liu, J., Li, W.: Resolution of overlapping spectra by curve-fitting. Analytica Chimica Acta 538, 383–389 (2005)
Wolfe, A., Patz, J.A.: Reactive nitrogen and human health: acute and long-term implications. Ambio. 31(2), 120–125 (2002)
Almasri, M.N., Kaluarachchi, J.J.: Modeling nitrate contamination of groundwater in agricultural watersheds. Journal of Hydrology 343, 211–229 (2007)
Holm, T., Kelly, W., Sievers, L., Webb, D.: A comparison of ultraviolet spectrophotometry with other methods for the determination of nitrate in water. Spectroscopy 12(9), 38–48 (1997)
Gross, A., Boyd, C., Seo, J.: Evaluation of the ultraviolet spectrophotometry method for the measurement of total nitrogen in water. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 30(3), 388–393 (1999)
Johnson, K., Coletti, L.: In-situ ultraviolet spectrophotometry for high resolution and long-term monitoring of nitrate, bromide and bisulfide in the ocean. Deep-sea Research Part I-Ocenanographic research 49(7), 1291–1305 (2002)
Thomas, O., Gallot, S., Mazas, N.: Ultraviolet multiwavelength absorbtiometry (Uvma) for the examination of natural-waters and wastewaters I: general considerations. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry 338(3), 234–237 (1990)
Thomas, O., Gallot, S., Mazas, N.: Ultraviolet multiwavelength absorbtiometry (Uvma) for the examination of natural-waters and wastewaters II: eetermination of nitrate. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry 338(3), 238–240 (1990)
Shrestha, R., Bárdossy, A., Rode, M.: A hybrid deterministic-fuzzy rule based model for catchment scale nitrate dynamics. Journal of Hydrology 342, 143–156 (2007)
Kennedy, J., Eberhart, R.: Particle swarm optimization. In: Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 1942–1948 (1995)
Hansen, P., Mladenovic, N.: An introduction to VNS. In: Metaheuristics Advances and Trends in Local Search Paradigm for Optimization, pp. 433–458. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1998)
Hansen, P., Mladenovic, N.: Variable neighborhood search: principles and applications. European Journal of Operational Research 130, 449–467 (2001)
Toksari, M.D., Güner, E.: Solving the unconstrained optimization problem by a variable neighborhood search. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 328, 1178–1187 (2007)
Toksari, M.D.: Ant colony optimization for finding the global minimum. Applied Mathematics and Computation 176, 308–316 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
López-Espí, P., Salcedo-Sanz, S., Pérez-Bellido, Á.M., Ortiz-García, E.G., Alonso-Garrido, O., Portilla-Figueras, A. (2009). Estimating the Concentration of Nitrates in Water Samples Using PSO and VNS Approaches. In: Giacobini, M., et al. Applications of Evolutionary Computing. EvoWorkshops 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5484. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01129-0_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01129-0_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-01128-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-01129-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)