Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Transactions on Computational Science V pp 20–37Cite as

On Temporal Properties of Knowledge Base Inconsistency

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((TCOMPUTATSCIE,volume 5540))

Abstract

Inconsistent knowledge and information in the real world often have to do with not only what conflicting circumstances are but also when they happen. As a result, only scrutinizing the logical forms that cause inconsistency may not be adequate. In this paper we describe our research work on the temporal characteristics of inconsistent knowledge that can exist in an intelligent system. We provide a formal definition for temporal inconsistency that is based on a logical-conflicting and temporal-coinciding dichotomy. The interval temporal logic underpins our treatment of temporally inconsistent propositions in a knowledge base. We also propose a systematic approach to identifying conflicting intervals for temporally inconsistent propositions. The results help delineate the semantic difference between the classical and temporal inconsistency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Allen, J.F.: Toward a General Theory of Action and Time. Artificial Intelligence 23(2), 123–154 (1984)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Allen, J.F., Ferguson, G.: Actions and Events in Interval Temporal Logic. Journal of Logic and Computation 4(5), 531–579 (1994)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Bennett, B., Galton, A.: A Unifying Semantics for Time and Events. Artificial Intelligence 153(1-2), 13–48 (2004)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Brachman, R.J., Levesque, H.J.: Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco (2004)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Chen, D., Wu, J.: Model Checking temporal Aspects of Inconsistent Concurrent Systems based on Paraconsistent Logic. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 157, 23–38 (2006)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Emerson, E.A.: Temporal and Modal Logic. In: van Leeuwen, J. (ed.) Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science. North-Holland Pub. Co., Amsterdam (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fagin, R., Halpern, J.Y., Moses, Y., Vardi, M.Y.: Reasoning about Knowledge. MIT Press, Cambridge (1995)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Gabby, D., Hunter, A.: Making Inconsistency Respectable 2: Meta-level Handling of Inconsistent Data. In: Moral, S., Kruse, R., Clarke, E. (eds.) ECSQARU 1993. LNCS, vol. 747, pp. 129–136. Springer, Heidelberg (1993)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Genesereth, M.R., Nilsson, N.J.: Logical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., Los Altos (1987)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Grant, J., Hunter, A.: Measuring Inconsistency in Knowledgebases. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems 27, 159–184 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Huang, Z., van Harmelen, F., ten Teije, A.: Reasoning with Inconsistent Ontologies. In: The Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Edinburgh, Scotland, pp. 454–459 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hunter, A., Nuseibeh, B.: Managing Inconsistent Specifications: Reasoning, Analysis, and Action. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 7(4), 335–367 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hunter, A.: Measuring Inconsistency in Knowledge via Quasi-classical Models. In: The Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 68–73 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hunter, A.: Evaluating Significance of Inconsistencies. In: The Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Acapulco, Mexico, pp. 468–473 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hunter, A., Konieczny, S.: Approaches to Measuring Inconsistent Information. In: Bertossi, L., Hunter, A., Schaub, T. (eds.) Inconsistency Tolerance. LNCS, vol. 3300, pp. 189–234. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Knight, K.: Measuring inconsistency. Journal of Philosophical Logic 31(1), 77–98 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Knight, K.: A Theory of Inconsistency, Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Mathematics, the University of Manchester, UK (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Konieczny, S., Lang, J., Marquis, P.: Quantifying information and contradiction in propositional logic through test actions. In: The Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Acapulco, Mexico, pp. 106–111 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Lee, D., et al.: Are Your Citations Clean? Communications of the ACM 50(12), 33–38 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Lenat, D.: The Dimensions of Context-Space, CYCorp Report (October 1998)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Leveson, N., Turner, C.S.: An Investigation of the Therac-25 Accidents. IEEE Computer 26(7), 18–41 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Levesque, H.J., Lakemeyer, G.: The Logic of Knowledge Bases. MIT Press, Cambridge (2000)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Manna, Z., Pnueli, A.: The Temporal Logic of Reactive and Concurrent Systems: Specification. Springer, New York (1992)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Menzies, T., Pecheur, C.: Verification and validation and artificial intelligence. In: Zelkowitz, M. (ed.) Advances in Computers, vol. 65, pp. 154–203. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Metric mishap caused loss of NASA orbiter, http://www.cnn.com/TECH/space/9909/30/mars.metric.02/

  26. Rodriguez, A.: Inconsistency Issues in Spatial Databases. In: Bertossi, L., Hunter, A., Schaub, T. (eds.) Inconsistency Tolerance. LNCS, vol. 3300, pp. 237–269. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Rushby, J.: Quality Measures and Assurance for AI Software. NASA Contractor Report 4187 (October 1988)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Rushby, J., Whitehurst, R.A.: Formal Verification of AI Software. NASA Contractor Report 181827 (February 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Sago Mine Explosion, http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/01/03/mine.explosion/index.html

  30. Yin, X., Han, J., Yu, P.S.: Truth Discovery with Multiple Conflicting Information Providers on the Web. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 20(6), 796–808 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhang, D., Nguyen, D.: PREPARE: A Tool for Knowledge Base Verification. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 6(6), 983–989 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Zhang, D., Luqi: Approximate Declarative Semantics for Rule Base Anomalies. Knowledge-Based Systems 12(7), 341–353 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Zhang, D.: Fixpoint Semantics for Rule Base Anomalies. International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 1(4), 14–25 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Zhang, D.: On Classifying Inconsistency in Autonomic Agent Systems, Technical Report, December 2007. Department of Computer Science, California State University, Sacramento (submitted for publication) (2007)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819-6021

    Du Zhang

Authors
  1. Du Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Calgary, Department of Computer Science, 2500 University Drive N.W, T2N 1N4, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Marina L. Gavrilova

  2. OptimaNumerics Ltd., Cathedral House, 23-31 Waring Street, BT1 2DX, Belfast, UK

    C. J. Kenneth Tan

  3. Theoretical and Empirical Software Engineering Research Centre (TESERC), University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

    Yingxu Wang

  4. Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong

    Keith C. C. Chan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zhang, D. (2009). On Temporal Properties of Knowledge Base Inconsistency. In: Gavrilova, M.L., Tan, C.J.K., Wang, Y., Chan, K.C.C. (eds) Transactions on Computational Science V. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5540. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02097-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02097-1_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-02096-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-02097-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation