Abstract
The increasing role of Systems of Systems (SoS) in safety-critical applications establishes the need for methods to ensure their safe behaviour. One approach to ensuring this is by means of safety policy — a set of rules that all the system entities must abide by. This paper proposes simulation as a means to evaluate the effectiveness of such a policy. The requirements for simulation models are identified, and a means for decomposing high-level policy goals into machine-interpretable policy rules is described. It is then shown how the enforcement of policy could be integrated into a simple agent architecture based around a blackboard. Finally, an approach to evaluating the safety of a system based using simulation techniques is outlined.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Maier, M.W.: Architecting principles for systems-of-systems. In: 6th Annual Symposium of INCOSE, pp. 567–574 (1996)
Periorellis, P., Dobson, J.: Organisational failures in dependable collaborative enterprise systems. Journal of Object Technology 1, 107–117 (2002)
Simpson, J., Weiner, E. (eds.): Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1989)
Wilkinson, P.J., Kelly, T.P.: Functional hazard analysis for highly integrated aerospace systems. In: IEE Seminar on Certification of Ground / Air Systems, London, UK (1998)
Perrow, C.: Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies. Basic Books, New York (1984)
Leveson, N.G.: A new accident model for engineering safer systems. Safety Science 42, 237–270 (2004)
Burns, J., Cheng, A., Gurung, P., Rajagopalan, S., Rao, P., Rosenbluth, D., Surendran, A.V., Martin Jr., D.M.: Automatic management of network security policy. In: Proceedings of the DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition, Anaheim, California, USA, vol. 2, pp. 1012–1026. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2001)
Damianou, N., Dulay, N., Lupu, E., Sloman, M.: Managing security in object-based distributed systems using Ponder. In: Proceedings of the 6th Open European Summer School (Eunice 2000). Twente University Press (2000)
Moffett, J.D., Sloman, M.S.: The representation of policies as system objects. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Organizational Computing Systems, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, pp. 171–184. ACM Press, New York (1991)
Bodeau, D.J.: System-of-systems security engineering. In: Proceedings of the 10th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, pp. 228–235. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (1994)
Wies, R.: Using a classification of management policies for policy specification and policy transformation. In: Sethi, A.S., Raynaud, Y., Fure-Vincent, F. (eds.) Proceedings of the IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, Santa Barbara, California, USA, vol. 4, pp. 44–56. Chapman & Hall, Boca Raton (1995)
Sage, A.P., Cuppan, C.D.: On the systems engineering and management of systems of systems and federations of systems. Information, Knowledge, and Systems Management 2, 325–345 (2001)
Clough, B.T.: Autonomous UAV control system safety—what should it be, how do we reach it, and what should we call it? In: Proceedings of the National Aerospace and Electronics Conference 2000, Dayton, Ohio, USA, pp. 807–814. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2000)
Edwards, W.K.: Policies and roles in collaborative applications. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, Cambridge, Massachusets, USA, pp. 11–20. ACM Press, New York (1996)
Kelly, T.P.: Arguing Safety—A Systematic Approach to Managing Safety Cases. Dphil thesis, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK (1998)
Dardenne, A., van Lamsweerde, A., Fickas, S.: Goal-directed requirements acquisition. Science of Computer Programming 20, 3–50 (1993)
Bresciani, P., Giorgini, P., Giunchiglia, F., Mylopoulos, J., Perini, A.: Tropos: An agent-oriented software development methodology. Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 8, 203–236 (2004)
Hall-May, M., Kelly, T.P.: Defining and decomposing safety policy for systems of systems. In: Winther, R., Gran, B.A., Dahll, G. (eds.) SAFECOMP 2005. LNCS, vol. 3688, pp. 37–51. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Hall-May, M., Kelly, T.P.: Using agent-based modelling approaches to support the development of safety policy for systems of systems. In: Górski, J. (ed.) SAFECOMP 2006. LNCS, vol. 4166, pp. 330–343. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Lee, S., Pritchett, A., Goldsman, D.: Hybrid agent-based simulation for analyzing the national airspace system. In: Peters, B.A., Smith, J.S., Madeiros, D.J., Rohrer, M.W. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2001 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 1029–1037 (2001)
Archer, J.: Developing the potential of micro-simulation modelling for traffic safety assessment. In: Proceedings of the 13th ICTCT Workshop, pp. 233–246 (2000)
Ferber, J.: Multi-Agent Systems: an Introduction to Distributed Artificial Intelligence. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1999)
Allan, R. (ed.): Air Navigation: The Order and the Regulations, 3rd edn. Civil Aviation Authority (2003)
Damianou, N., Dulay, N., Lupu, E., Sloman, M.: Ponder: A language for specifying security and management policies for distributed systems. Research Report DoC 2000/1, Imperial College, London (2000), http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/deptechrep/DTR00-1.pdf
Isla, D., Burke, R., Downie, M., Blumberg, B.: A layered brain architecture for synthetic creatures. In: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, WA (2001)
Benson, K.C., Goldsman, D., Pritchett, A.R.: Applying statistical control techniques to air traffic simulations. In: Ingalis, R.G., Rosetti, M.D., Smith, J.S., Peters, B.A. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2004 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 1330–1338 (2004)
Avizienis, A., Laprie, J., Randell, B.: Dependability of computer systems: Fundanmental concepts, terminlogy and examples. In: Proceedings of the IARP/IEEE-RAS Workshop on Robot Dependability, Seoul (2001)
Despotou, G., Kelly, T.: An argument based approach for assessing design alternatives and facilitating trade-offs in critical systems. In: Proceedings of the 24th International System Safety Conference (ISSC), Albuquerque, NM, USA, Systems Safety Society (2006)
Brooks, R.A.: Intelligence without representation. Artifical Intelligence 47, 139–159 (1991)
Jakobi, N., Husbands, P., Harvey, I.: Noise and the reality gap: The use of simulation in evolutionary robotics. LNCS, vol. 929 (1995)
Hoeber, F.P.: Military Applications of Modeling: Selected Case Studies. Gordon & Breach Science Publishers (1981)
Dewar, J.A., Bankes, S.C., Hodges, J.S., Lucas, T., Saunders-Newton, D.K., Vye, P.: Credible uses of the distributed interactive simulation (DIS) system. Technical Report MR-607-A, RAND (1996)
Alexander, R., Hall-May, M., Kelly, T.: Characterisation of systems of systems failures. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Systems Safety Conference (ISSC 2004), pp. 499–508. System Safety Society (2004)
Alexander, R., Kazakov, D., Kelly, T.: System of systems hazard analysis using simulation and machine learning. In: Górski, J. (ed.) SAFECOMP 2006. LNCS, vol. 4166, pp. 1–14. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Alexander, R., Hall-May, M., Despotou, G., Kelly, T. (2009). Towards Using Simulation to Evaluate Safety Policy for Systems of Systems. In: Barley, M., Mouratidis, H., Unruh, A., Spears, D., Scerri, P., Massacci, F. (eds) Safety and Security in Multiagent Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 4324. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04879-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04879-1_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-04878-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-04879-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)