Abstract
Computer aided interactive narrative has received increasing attention in recent years. Automated directorial control that manages the development of the story in the face of user interaction is an important aspect of interactive narrative design. Most existing approaches lack an explicit model of the user. This limits the approaches’ ability of predicting the user’s experience, and hence undermines the effectiveness of the approaches. Thespian is a multi-agent framework for authoring and simulating interactive narratives with explicit models of the user. This work extends Thespian with the ability to provide proactive directorial control using the user model. In this paper, we present the algorithms in detail, followed by examples.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Marsella, S.C., Johnson, W.L., Labore, C.: Interactive pedagogical drama for health interventions. In: AIED, pp. 341–348. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2003)
Paiva, A., Dias, J., Sobral, D., Aylett, R., Sobreperez, P., Woods, S., Zoll, C.: Caring for agents and agents that care: Building empathic relations with synthetic agents. In: AAMAS, pp. 194–201. IEEE, Washington (2004)
Si, M., Marsella, S.C., Pynadath, D.V.: Thespian: An architecture for interactive pedagogical drama. In: AIED, pp. 595–602. IOS, Amsterdam (2005)
Kelso, M.T., Weyhrauch, P., Bates, J.: Dramatic presence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 2, 1–15 (1993)
Riedl, M.O., Saretto, C.J., Young, R.M.: Managing interaction between users and agents in a multi-agent storytelling environment. In: AAMAS, pp. 741–748. ACM, New York (2003)
Cavazza, M., Charles, F., Mead, S.J.: Agents’ interaction in virtual storytelling. In: de Antonio, A., Aylett, R.S., Ballin, D. (eds.) IVA 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2190, pp. 156–170. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Magerko, B., Laird, J.E.: Mediating the tension between plot and interaction. In: Challenges in Game Artificial Intelligence, pp. 108–112. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2004)
Szilas, N.: IDtension: a narrative engine for interactive drama. In: TIDSE. pp. 187–203. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, Stuttgart (2003)
Braun, N.: Storytelling in collaborative augmented reality environments. In: Proc. 11th International Conf. in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision, pp. 33–40. University of West Bohemia, Plzen (2003)
Mateas, M., Stern, A.: Integrating plot, character and natural language processing in the interactive drama Façade. In: TIDSE, pp. 24–26. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, Stuttgart (2003)
Murray, J.H.: Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of narrative in Cyberspace. MIT Press, Cambridge (1997)
Bates, J.: Virtual reality, art, and entertainment. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 2(1), 133–138 (1992)
Weyhrauch, P.: Guiding Interactive Drama. Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie Mellon University (1997)
Lamstein, A., Mateas, M.: Search-based drama management. In: Challenges in Game Artificial Intelligence, pp. 103–107. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2004)
Onega, S., Landa, J.A.G.: Narratology: An Introduction. Longman, London and New York (1996)
Bruner, J.: Acts of Meaning. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1990)
Ochs, E., Capps, L.: Living narrative. Creating lives in everyday storytelling. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (2001)
Si, M., Marsella, S.C., Pynadath, D.V.: Thespian: Using multi-agent fitting to craft interactive drama. In: AAMAS, pp. 21–28. ACM, New York (2005)
Si, M., Marsella, S.C., Pynadath, D.V.: Proactive authoring for interactive drama: An author’s assistant. In: Pelachaud, C., Martin, J.-C., André, E., Chollet, G., Karpouzis, K., Pelé, D. (eds.) IVA 2007. LNCS, vol. 4722, pp. 225–237. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Si, M., Marsella, S.C., Pynadath, D.V.: Modeling appraisal in theory of mind reasoning. JAAMAS (in press, 2009)
Si, M., Marsella, S.C., Pynadath, D.V.: Thespian: Modeling socially normative behavior in a decision-theoretic framework. In: Gratch, J., Young, M., Aylett, R.S., Ballin, D., Olivier, P. (eds.) IVA 2006. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4133, pp. 369–382. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Marsella, S.C., Pynadath, D.V., Read, S.J.: PsychSim: Agent-based modeling of social interactions and influence. In: Proc. International Conference on Cognitive Modeling, pp. 243–248. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Philadelphia (2004)
Smallwood, R.D., Sondik, E.J.: The optimal control of partially observable Markov processes over a finite horizon. Operations Research 21, 1071–1088 (1973)
Gmytrasiewicz, P., Durfee, E.: A rigorous, operational formalization of recursive modeling. In: ICMAS, pp. 125–132. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (1995)
Pynadath, D., Marsella, S.: Fitting and compilation of multiagent models through piecewise linear functions. In: AAMAS, pp. 1197–1204. IEEE, Wash. DC (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Si, M., Marsella, S.C., Pynadath, D.V. (2009). Directorial Control in a Decision-Theoretic Framework for Interactive Narrative. In: Iurgel, I.A., Zagalo, N., Petta, P. (eds) Interactive Storytelling. ICIDS 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5915. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10643-9_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10643-9_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-10642-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-10643-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)