Abstract
Composition of requirements models in Software Product Line (SPL) development enables stakeholders to derive the requirements of target software products and, very important, to reason about them. Given the growing complexity of SPL development and the various stakeholders involved, their requirements are often specified from heterogeneous, partial views. However, existing requirements composition languages are very limited to generate specific requirements views for SPL products. They do not provide specialized composition rules for referencing and composing elements in recurring requirements models, such as use cases and activity models. This paper presents a multi-view composition language for SPL requirements, the Variability Modeling Language for Requirements (VML4RE). This language describes how requirements elements expressed in different models should be composed to generate a specific SPL product. The use of VML4RE is illustrated with UML-based requirements models defined for a home automation SPL case study. The language is evaluated with additional case studies from different application domains, such as mobile phones and sales management.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Clements, P., Northrop, L.M.: Software Product Lines: Practices and Patterns. Addison-Wesley, Boston (2002)
Pohl, K., Böckle, G., van der Linden, F.: Software Product Line Engineering: Foundations, Principles and Techniques. Springer, Berlin (2005)
Czarnecki, K., Eisenecker, U.W.: Generative Programming: Methods, Tools, and Applications. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. (2000)
Kang, K., Cohen, S., Hess, J., Novak, W., Peterson, A.: Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis (FODA) Feasibility Study. Technical Report CMU/SEI-90-TR-021, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University (1990)
Gomaa, H.: Designing Software Product Lines with UML: From Use Cases to Pattern-Based Software Architectures. Addison-Wesley, Reading (2004)
Czarnecki, K., Antkiewicz, M.: Mapping Features to Models: A Template Approach Based on Superimposed Variants. In: Glück, R., Lowry, M. (eds.) GPCE 2005. LNCS, vol. 3676, pp. 422–437. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Alexander, I., Maiden, N.: Scenarios, Stories, Use Cases. Wiley, Chichester (2004)
Unified Modeling Language (UML) Superstructure, Version 2.1.2: 2007-11-02
Chung, L., Nixon, B., Yu, E., Mylopoulos, J.: Non-Functional Requirements in Software Engineering. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1999)
i* an Agent-oriented Modelling Framework, http://www.cs.toronto.edu/km/istar/
Apel, S., Janda, F., Trujillo, S., Kästner, C.: Model Superimposition in Software Product Lines. In: Paige, R.F. (ed.) ICMT 2009. LNCS, vol. 5563, pp. 4–19. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
openArchitectureWare, http://www.openarchitectureware.org/
Jouault, F., Kurtev, I.: Transforming Models with ATL. In: Bruel, J.-M. (ed.) MoDELS 2005. LNCS, vol. 3844, pp. 128–138. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Taentzer, G.: AGG: A graph transformation environment for modeling and validation of software. In: Pfaltz, J.L., Nagl, M., Böhlen, B. (eds.) AGTIVE 2003. LNCS, vol. 3062, pp. 446–453. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Sánchez, P., Loughran, N., Fuentes, L., Garcia, A.: Engineering Languages for Specifying Product-derivation Processes in Software Product Lines. In: Gašević, D., Lämmel, R., Van Wyk, E. (eds.) SLE 2008. LNCS, vol. 5452, pp. 188–207. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Jayaraman, P., Whittle, J., Elkhodary, A., Gomaa, H.: Model Composition in Product Lines and Feature Interaction Detection Using Critical Pair Analysis. In: Engels, G., Opdyke, B., Schmidt, D.C., Weil, F. (eds.) MODELS 2007. LNCS, vol. 4735, pp. 151–165. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Ample Project, http://www.ample-project.net/
Groher, I., Volter, M.: XWeave: Models and Aspects in Concert. In: 10th International Workshop on Aspect-oriented Modeling. ACM, Vancouver (2007)
pure: variants, http://www.pure-systems.com/Variant_Management.49.0.html
Gears, http://www.biglever.com/
Morganho, H., Gomes, C., Pimentão, J.P., Ribeiro, R., Grammel, B., Pohl, C., Rummler, A., Schwanninger, C., Fiege, L., Jaeger, M.: Requirement Specifications for Industrial Case Studies. Technical Report, D5.2, AMPLE Project (2008)
Antkiewicz, M., Czarnecki, K.: FeaturePlugin: Feature Modeling Plug-in for Eclipse. 2004 OOPSLA workshop on eclipse technology eXchange. ACM Press, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (2004) 67-72
Kruchten, P.: The Rational Unified Process: An Introduction. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Amsterdam (2003)
González-Baixauli, B., Laguna, M.A., Leite, J.C.S.d.P.: Using Goal-Models to Analyze Variability. Variability Modelling of Software-intensive Systems, Limerick, Ireland (2007)
Variability Modeling Language for Requirements, http://ample.di.fct.unl.pt/VML_4_RE/
Grzegorz, R. (ed.): Handbook of Graph Grammars and Computing by Graph Transformation. Foundations, vol. I. Foundations. World Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., River Edge (1997)
Markovic, S., Baar, T.: Refactoring OCL Annotated UML Class Diagram. In: Briand, L.C., Williams, C. (eds.) MoDELS 2005. LNCS, vol. 3713, pp. 280–294. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Whittle, J., Moreira, A., Araújo, J., Jayaraman, P., Elkhodary, A., Rabbi, R.: An Expressive Aspect Composition Language for UML State Diagrams. In: Engels, G., Opdyke, B., Schmidt, D.C., Weil, F. (eds.) MODELS 2007. LNCS, vol. 4735, pp. 514–528. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
MDT-UML2Tools, http://www.eclipse.org/uml2/
Xtext Reference Documentation, http://www.eclipse.org/gmt/oaw/doc/4.1/r80_xtextReference.pdf
Eclipse Modeling Framework, http://www.eclipse.org/modeling/emf/?project=emf
Goal-Driven Requirements Engineering: the KAOS Approach, http://www.info.ucl.ac.be/~avl/ReqEng.html
Sousa, A., Kulesza, U., Rummler, A., Anquetil, N., Mitschke, R., Moreira, A., Amaral, V., Araújo, J.: A Model-Driven Traceability Framework to Software Product Line Development. In: 4th Traceability Workshop held in conjunction with ECMDA, Berlin, Germany (2008)
Siemens AG - Research & Development, http://www.w1.siemens.com/innovation/en/index.php
SAP A.G, http://www.sap.com/about/company/research/centers/dresden.epx
Figueiredo, E., Cacho, N., Sant’Anna, C., Monteiro, M., Kulesza, U., Garcia, A., Soares, S., Ferrari, F.C., Khan, S., Filho, F.C., Dantas, F.: Evolving software product lines with aspects: an empirical study on design stability. In: ICSE 2008. ACM, Leipzig (2008)
AHEAD Tool Suite, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/schwartz/ATS.html
Loughran, N., Sánchez, P., Garcia, A., Fuentes, L.: Language Support for Managing Variability in Architectural Models. In: Pautasso, C., Tanter, É. (eds.) SC 2008. LNCS, vol. 4954, pp. 36–51. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Rob van, O., Frank van der, L., Jeff, K., Jeff, M.: The Koala Component Model for Consumer Electronics Software. Computer 33(3), 78–85 (2000)
Bragança, A., Machado, R.J.: Automating Mappings between Use Case Diagrams and Feature Models for Software Product Lines. In: SPLC, pp. 3–12. IEEE Computer Society, Kyoto (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Alférez, M. et al. (2010). Multi-view Composition Language for Software Product Line Requirements. In: van den Brand, M., Gašević, D., Gray, J. (eds) Software Language Engineering. SLE 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5969. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12107-4_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12107-4_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-12106-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-12107-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)