Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Behavior Wizard: A Method for Matching Target Behaviors with Solutions

  • Conference paper
Persuasive Technology (PERSUASIVE 2010)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 6137))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

We present a method for matching target behaviors with solutions for achieving those behaviors. Called the Behavior Wizard, this method first classifies behavior change targets into one of 15 types. Later stages focus on triggers for the target behaviors and on relevant theories and techniques. This new approach to persuasive design, as well as the terminology we propose, can lead to insights into the patterns of behavior change. The Behavior Wizard can also increase success rates in academic studies and commercial products. The most current version of this method is at www.BehaviorWizard.org.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Aristotle: Rhetoric, 3rd edn. Dover Publications, Dover (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Prochaska, J.O., Velicer, W.F.: The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. Am. J. Health Promot. 12(1), 38–48 (1997) (accessed March 18, 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kraft, P., Schjelderup-Lund, H., Brendryen, H.: Digital Therapy: The Coming Together of Psychology and Technology Can Create a New Generation of Programs for More Sustainable Change. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 18–23. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Bandura, A.: Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. Worth Publishers, New York (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Dweck, C., Sorich, L.A.: Mastery Oriented Thinking. In: Coping: The Psychology of What Works, pp. 232–251. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Nesbit, R., Ross, L.: Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings in Social Judgement. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C.: The transtheoretical approach. In: Norcross, J.C., Goldfried, M.R. (eds.) Handbook of psychotherapy integration, 2nd edn., pp. 147–171. Oxford University Press, New York (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Littell, J.H., Girvin, H.: Stages of Change. Beh. Mod. 26, 223–273 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Brug, J., Conner, M., Harre, N., Kremers, S., McKellar, S., Whitelaw, S.: The Transtheoretical Model and Stages of Change: A Critique. H. Edu. Res. 20, 244–258 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Marwell, G., Schmitt, D.R.: Dimensions of compliance-gaining behavior: An empirical analysis. Sociometery 30, 350–364 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Burby, J.: Breaking Down a Conversion Funnel. ClickZ Online (May 24, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Fogg, B.J.: The Behavior Grid: 35 Ways Behavior Can Change. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 42 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Marwell, G., Schmitt, D.R.: Dimensions of compliance-gaining behavior: An empirical analysis. Sociometery 30, 350–364 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bang, M., Torstensson, C., Katzeff, C.: The PowerHhouse: A Persuasive Computer Game Designed to Raise Awareness of Domestic Energy Consumption. In: IJsselsteijn, W.A., de Kort, Y.A.W., Midden, C., Eggen, B., van den Hoven, E. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2006. LNCS, vol. 3962, pp. 123–132. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Dijkstra, A.: Technology Adds New Principles to Persuasive Psychology. In: IJsselsteijn, W.A., de Kort, Y.A.W., Midden, C., Eggen, B., van den Hoven, E. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2006. LNCS, vol. 3962, pp. 16–26. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Eyck, A., Geerlings, K., Karimova, D., Meerbeek, B., Wang, L., IJsselsteijn, W., de Kort, Y., Roersma, M., Westerink, J.: Effect of a Virtual Coach on Athletes’ Motivation. In: IJsselsteijn, W.A., de Kort, Y.A.W., Midden, C., Eggen, B., van den Hoven, E. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2006. LNCS, vol. 3962, pp. 158–161. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Gasser, R., Brodbeck, D., Degen, M., Luthiger, J., Wyss, R., Reichlin, S.: Persuasiveness of a Mobile Lifestyle Coaching Application Using Social Facilitation. In: IJsselsteijn, W.A., de Kort, Y.A.W., Midden, C., Eggen, B., van den Hoven, E. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2006. LNCS, vol. 3962, pp. 27–38. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Grolleman, J., van Dijk, B., Nijholt, A., van Emst, A.: Break the Habit! Designing an e-Therapy Intervention Using a Virtual Coach in Aid of Smoking Cessation. In: IJsselsteijn, W.A., de Kort, Y.A.W., Midden, C., Eggen, B., van den Hoven, E. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2006. LNCS, vol. 3962, pp. 133–141. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Lucero, A., Zuloaga, R., Mota, S., Munoz, F.: Persuasive Technologies in Education: Improving Motivation to Read and Write for Children. In: IJsselsteijn, W.A., de Kort, Y.A.W., Midden, C., Eggen, B., van den Hoven, E. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2006. LNCS, vol. 3962, pp. 142–153. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. McCalley, T., Kaiser, F., Midden, C., Keser, M., Teunissen, M.: Persuasive Appliances: Goal Priming and Behavioral Response to Product-Integrated Energy Feedback. In: IJsselsteijn, W.A., de Kort, Y.A.W., Midden, C., Eggen, B., van den Hoven, E. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2006. LNCS, vol. 3962, pp. 45–49. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Sterns, A.A., Mayhorn, C.B.: Persuasive Pillboxes: Improving Medication Adherence with Personal Digital Assistants. In: IJsselsteijn, W.A., de Kort, Y.A.W., Midden, C., Eggen, B., van den Hoven, E. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2006. LNCS, vol. 3962, pp. 195–198. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Tscheligi, M., Reitberger, W., Obermair, C., Ploderer, B.: perCues: Trails of Persuasion for Ambient Intelligence. In: IJsselsteijn, W.A., de Kort, Y.A.W., Midden, C., Eggen, B., van den Hoven, E. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2006. LNCS, vol. 3962, pp. 203–206. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Ahrens, J., Strahilevitz, M.A.: Can Companies Initiate Positive Word of Mouth? A Field Experiment Examining the Effects of Incentive Magnitude and Equity, and eReferral Mechanisms. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 160–163. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Kraft, P., et al.: Digital Therapy: The Coming Together of Psychology and Technology Can Create a New Generation of Programs for More Sustainable Behavioral Change. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 18–23. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Bickmore, T.W., Mauer, D., Crespo, F., Brown, T.: Persuasion, Task Interruption and Health Regimen Adherence. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 1–11. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Revelle, G., Reardon, E., Mays Green, M., Betancourt, J., Kotler, J.: The Use of Mobile Phones to Support Children’s Literacy Learning. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 253–258. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Reitberger, W., Ploderer, B., Obermair, C., Tscheligi, M.: The PerCues Framework and Its Application for Sustainable Mobility. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 92–95. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. Harper, F.M., Li, S.X., Chen, Y., Konstan, J.A.: Social Comparisons to Motivate Contributions to an Online Community. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 148–159. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Gamberini, L., Petrucci, G., Spoto, A., Spagnolli, A.: Embedded Persuasive Strategies to Obtain Visitors’ Data: Comparing Reward and Reciprocity in an Amateur, Knowledge-Based Website. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 187–198. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  30. Felfernig, A., Friedrich, G., Gula, B., Hitz, M., Kruggel, T., Leitner, G., Melcher, R., Riepan, D., Strauss, S., Teppan, E.: Persuasive Recommendation: Serial Position Effects in Knowledge-Based Recommender Systems. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 283–294. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  31. Mahmud, A.A., Dadlani, P., Mubin, O., Shahid, S., Midden, C., Moran, O.: iParrot: Towards Designing a Persuasive Agent for Energy Conservation. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 64–67. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  32. Wai, C., Mortensen, P.: Persuasive Technologies Should Be Boring. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 96–99. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. Brodie, M., Lai, J., Lenchner, J., Luken, W., Ranganathan, K., Tang, J.-M., Vukovic, M.: Support Services: Persuading Employees to Do what Is in the Community’s Best Interest. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 121–124. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. Niebuhr, S., Kerkow, D.: Captivating Patterns - A First Validation. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 48–54. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  35. Bang, M., Gustafsson, A., Katzeff, C.: Promoting New Patterns in Household Energy Consumption with Pervasive Learning Games. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 55–63. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. Gable, R.S.: Electronic Monitoring of Offenders. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 100–104. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  37. Khaled, R., Barr, P., Noble, J., Fischer, R., Biddle, R.: Fine Tuning the Persuasion in Persuasive Games. In: de Kort, Y.A.W., IJsselsteijn, W.A., Midden, C., Eggen, B., Fogg, B.J. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4744, pp. 36–47. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  38. Chi, P.-Y., Chen, J.-H., Chu, H.-H., Lo, J.-L.: Enabling Calorie-Aware Cooking in a Smart Kitchen. In: Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Hasle, P., Harjumaa, M., Segerståhl, K., Øhrstrøm, P. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2008. LNCS, vol. 5033, pp. 116–127. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  39. Fogg, B.J.: Mass Interpersonal Persuasion: An Early View of a New Phenomenon. In: Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Hasle, P., Harjumaa, M., Segerståhl, K., Øhrstrøm, P. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2008. LNCS, vol. 5033, pp. 23–34. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  40. Forget, A., Chiasson, S., van Oorschot, P.C., Biddle, R.: Persuasion for Stronger Passwords: Motivation and Pilot Study. In: Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Hasle, P., Harjumaa, M., Segerståhl, K., Øhrstrøm, P. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2008. LNCS, vol. 5033, pp. 140–150. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  41. Kraft, P., Drozd, F., Olsen, E.: Digital Therapy: Addressing Willpower as Part of the Cognitive-Affective Processing System in the Service of Habit Change. In: Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Hasle, P., Harjumaa, M., Segerståhl, K., Øhrstrøm, P. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2008. LNCS, vol. 5033, pp. 177–188. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  42. Parmar, V., Keyson, D., de Bont, C.: Persuasive Technology for Shaping Social Beliefs of Rural Women in India: An Approach Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. In: Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Hasle, P., Harjumaa, M., Segerståhl, K., Øhrstrøm, P. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2008. LNCS, vol. 5033, pp. 104–115. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  43. Raisanen, T., Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Pahnila, S.: Finding Kairos in Quitting Smoking: Smokers’ Perceptions of Warning Pictures. In: Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Hasle, P., Harjumaa, M., Segerståhl, K., Øhrstrøm, P. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2008. LNCS, vol. 5033, pp. 254–257. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  44. Ramachandran, D., Canny, J.: The Persuasive Power of Human-Machine Dialogue. In: Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Hasle, P., Harjumaa, M., Segerståhl, K., Øhrstrøm, P. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2008. LNCS, vol. 5033, pp. 189–200. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  45. Obermair, C., Reitberger, W., Meschtscherjakov, A., Lankes, M., Tscheligi, M.: perFrames: Persuasive Picture Frames for Proper Posture. In: Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Hasle, P., Harjumaa, M., Segerståhl, K., Øhrstrøm, P. (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2008. LNCS, vol. 5033, pp. 128–139. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  46. Berkovsky, S., Bhandari, D., Kimani, S., Colineau, N., Paris, C.: Designing games to motivate physical activity. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 37 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Consolvo, S., Klasnja, P.V., McDonald, D.W., Landay, J.A.: Goal-setting considerations for persuasive technologies that encourage physical activity. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 8 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Ferebee, S.S., Davis, J.W.: Factors that persuade continued use of Facebook among new members. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 35 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Firpo, D., Kasemvilas, S., Ractham, P., Zhang, X.: Generating a sense of community in a graduate educational setting through persuasive technology. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 41 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Harjumaa, M., Segerståhl, K., Oinas-Kukkonen, H.: Understanding persuasive software functionality in practice: a field trial of polar FT60. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 2 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Iyengar, M.S., Florez-Arango, J.F., Garcia, C.A.: GuideView: a system for developing structured, multimodal, multi-platform persuasive applications. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 31 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Kappel, K., Grechenig, T.: Show-me: water consumption at a glance to promote water conservation in the shower. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 26 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Lockton, D., Harrison, D., Holley, T., Stanton, N.A.: Influencing interaction: development of the design with intent method. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 5 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Midden, C., Ham, J.: Using negative and positive social feedback from a robotic agent to save energy. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 12 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Olsen, E., Kraft, P.: ePsychology: a pilot study on how to enhance social support and adherence in digital interventions by characteristics from social networking sites. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 32 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Ranfelt, A.M., Wigram, T., Øhrstrøm, P.: Towards a handy interactive persuasive diary for teenagers with a diagnosis of autism. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 3 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Saini, P., Lacroix, J.: Self-setting of physical activity goals and effects on perceived difficulty, importance and competence. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 33 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Shiraishi, M., Washio, Y., Takayama, C., Lehdonvirta, V., Kimura, H., Nakajima, T.: Using individual, social and economic persuasion techniques to reduce CO2 emissions in a family setting. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 13 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Duncan, J., Camp, L.J., Hazelwood, W.R.: The portal monitor: a privacy-enhanced event-driven system for elder care. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 36 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Vossen, S., Ham, J., Midden, C.: Social influence of a persuasive agent: the role of agent embodiment and evaluative feedback. In: Persuasive 2009, p. 46 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Persuasive Technology Lab @ Stanford University,  

    B. J. Fogg & Jason Hreha

Authors
  1. B. J. Fogg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jason Hreha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Communication, Copenhagen Institute of Technology/Aalborg University, Lautrupvang 2b, 2750, Ballerup, Denmark

    Thomas Ploug

  2. Royal School of Library and Information Science, Birketinget 6, 2300, København, Denmark

    Per Hasle

  3. Dept. of Information Processing Science, University of Oulu, Rakentajantie 3, 90370, Oulu, Finland

    Harri Oinas-Kukkonen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Fogg, B.J., Hreha, J. (2010). Behavior Wizard: A Method for Matching Target Behaviors with Solutions. In: Ploug, T., Hasle, P., Oinas-Kukkonen, H. (eds) Persuasive Technology. PERSUASIVE 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6137. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13226-1_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13226-1_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-13225-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-13226-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics