Skip to main content

Software-as-a-Service Vendors: Are They Ready to Successfully Deliver?

  • Conference paper
Global Sourcing of Information Technology and Business Processes (Global Sourcing 2010)

Abstract

Software as a service (SaaS) is a software sourcing option that allows organizations to remotely access enterprise applications, without having to install the application in-house. In this work we study vendors’ readiness to deliver SaaS, a topic scarcely studied before. The innovation classification (evolutionary vs. revolutionary) and a new, Seven Fundamental Organizational Capabilities (FOCs) Model, are used as the theoretical frameworks. The Seven FOCs model suggests generic yet comprehensive set of capabilities that are required for organizational success: 1) sensing the stakeholders, 2) sensing the business environment, 3) sensing the knowledge environment, 4) process control, 5) process improvement, 6) new process development, and 7) appropriate resolution.

The results show that most vendors perceive SaaS as an evolutionary rather than revolutionary innovation hence do not employ radically new business processes. Some lessons were drawn from the past ASP failure, but a deep learning process was scarcely employed. These findings were particularly typical to leading vendors in the software product market who recently added SaaS to their business. In contrast, pure-SaaS vendors thought differently.

Respondents consistently perceived their organizational capabilities higher than the rank calculated from indirect measures of the capabilities. This may well mean that the respondents’ organizations were in fact less ready than expected. Furthermore, ’appropriate resolution’ and ’new model development’ were ranked low by the respondents, while highly correlated with customer satisfaction from SaaS. The readiness of SaaS vendors, therefore, especially those who are accustomed to delivering software products, is questionable.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abernathy, W., Clark, A.K.B.: Mapping the winds of creative destruction. Research Policy 14, 3–22 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adams, C., Neely, A.: Prism reform. Financial Management 5, 28–31 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J.S.: Inequity in social exchange. Advances in experimental social psychology 2, 267–299 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Afuah, A.: Innovation Management. Oxford University Press, New-York (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Avlontis, G.J., Papastathopoulou, P.G., Gounaris, S.P.: An empirically- based typology of product innovativeness for new financial services: Success and failure scenario. Journal of Product Innovation Management 18, 324–342 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barney, J.B.: The Resource Based View of Strategy: Origins, Implications, and Prospects. Editor of Special Theory Forum in Journal of Management 17, 97–211 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, S.W., Whisler, T.L.: The Innovative Organization: A Selective View of Current Theory and Research. The Journal of Business (pre-1986) 40(4), 462–469 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benbasat, I., Goldstein, D.K., Mead, M.: The Case Research Strategy in Studies of Information Systems. MIS Quarterly 11(3) (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, C., Timbrell, G.T.: Application Service Providers: Will They Succeed? Information Systems Frontiers 2(2), 195–221 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, N.G.: The end of corporate computing. MIT Sloan Management Review 46(3), 67–73 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi, T.Y., Dooley, K.J., Rungtusanatham, M.: Supply networks and complex adaptive systems: control versus emergence. Journal of Operations Management 19(3), 351–366 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cortina, J.M.: What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of applied psychology 78(1), 98–98 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Currie, W.L.: A knowledge-based risk assessment framework for evaluating web-enabled application outsourcing projects. International Journal of Project Management 21(3), 207–217 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Currie, W.L.: The organizing vision of application service provision: a process-oriented analysis. Information and Organization 14(4), 237–267 (2004)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Currie, W.L., Desai, B., Khan, N., Xinkun, W., Weerakkody, V.: Vendor strategies for business process and outsourcing: recent findings from field research. In: Proceedings of the 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2003 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Currie, W.L., Joyce, P., Winch, G.: Evaluating Application Service Provisioning Using System Dynamics Methodology. British Journal of Management 18(2), 172–191 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daft Richard, L.: Organization theory and design. South Western College Publishing, Cincinnati (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Daft, R.L.: A Dual-Core Model of Organizational Innovation. Academy of Management Journal 21(2), 193–210 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day, G.S.: Creating a superior customer-relating capability. MIT Sloan Management Review 44(3), 77–82 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Desai, B., Currie, W.: Application service providers: A model in evolution. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, vol. 50, pp. 174–180 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Desai, B., Weerakkody, V., Currie, W.: Market entry strategies of application service providers: Identifying strategic differentiation. In: Proceedings of the 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutskens, E., De Ruyter, K., Wetzels, M., Oosterveld, P.: Response rate and response quality of internet-based surveys: An experimental study. Marketing Letters 15(1), 21–36 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dewar, R.D., Dutton, J.E.: The Adoption of Radical and Incremental Innovations: An Empirical Analysis. Management Science 32(11), 1422–1433 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dosi, G., Nelson, R.R., Winter, S.G.: The nature and dynamics of organizational capabilities. Oxford University Press, USA (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubey, A., Wagle, D.: Delivering Software as a Service. The McKinsey Quarterly Web Exclusive (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dym, R.: Why Software as a service? Helping Our Customers Achieve Compliance (2007) (OpSource retrieved Accessed on, 11/12/2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenhardt, K.M., Martin, J.A.: Dynamic capabilities: What are they? Strategic Management Journal 21(10/11), 1105 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ekanayaka, Y., Currie, W.L., Seltsikas, P.: Delivering enterprise resource planning systems through application service providers. Logistics Information Management 15(3), 192–203 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ekanayaka, Y., Currie, W.L., Seltsikas, P.: Evaluating application service providers. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10(4), 343–354 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Featherman, M.S., Wells, J.D.: The intangibility of E-services: effects on artificiality, perceived risk, and adoption. In: Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenn, J., Linden, A.: Gartner’s Hype Cycle Special Report for 2005 (2005), http://www.gartner.com/resources/130100/130115/gartners_hype_c.pdf (retrieved 1/2/2008)

  • Fenn, J., Linden, A.: Gartner’s Hype Cycle Special Report for 2005. Gartner (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, R.E.: Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Pitman, Boston (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, R., Calantone, R.: A critical look at technological innovation typology and innovativeness terminology: a literature review. Journal of Product Innovation Management 19(2), 110–132 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greschler, D., Mangan, T.: Networking lessons in delivering ‘Software as a Service’—part I. International Journal of Network Management 12(5), 317–321 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heart, T., Pliskin, N.: Business-to-Business eCommerce of Information Systems: Two Cases of ASP-to-SME e-Rental. INFOR 40(1), 23–34 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heart, T., Pliskin, N., Curley, K.: Application Hosting as Means for Aligning Business and IT. International Journal of E-Business 5(2), 176–187 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heeseok, L., Jeoungkun, K., Jonguk, K.: Determinants of success for application service provider: An empirical test in small businesses. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 65(9), 796–815 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, R.M., Clark, K.B.: Architectural innovation: The reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms. Administrative Science Quarterly 35(1), 9–22 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, A., Gutierrez, J.C.: Oracle On Demand: Using Technology for Strategic Advantage (2006), Oracle from, http://www.oracle.com/ondemand/collateral/oracle_ondemand_brief.pdf

  • Kaplan, B., Maxwell, J.: Qualitative research methods for evaluating computer information systems. In: Anderson, J., Aydin, C., Jay, S. (eds.) Evaluating Health Care Information Systems. Springer, New York (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kashi, G.: Fundamental Capabilities for Organizational Operational Success. Industrial Engineering and Management. Beer-Sheva, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Ph.D (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kern, T., Kreijger, J., Willcocks, L.: Exploring ASP as sourcing strategy: theoretical perspectives, propositions for practice. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems 11(2), 153–177 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kern, T., Lacity, M.C., Willcocks, L.: Netsourcing: renting business application and services. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, K.E.: A Descriptive Model of the Intra-Frim Innovation Process. The Journal of Business 40(4), 478–494 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koenig, M.: SaaS 2.0: Software-as-a-Service as Next-Gen Business Platform, Executive summary. Saugatech (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Konary, A.: On-Demand Service: Changing the Software Value Model. I D C Analyst Connection (2005), http://www.marketwatch.com/minisites/oracle/IDG_IDC_Orace_OnDemand_Analyst_Connection.pdf (retrieved 1/2/, 2008)

  • Kusunoki, K., Nonaka, I., Nagata, A.: Organizational capabilities in product development of Japanese firms: a conceptual framework and empirical findings. Organization Science 9(6), 699–718 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lixin, T.: Shifting paradigms with the application service provider model. Computer 34(10), 32–39 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyytinen, K., Rose, G.M.: The disruptive nature of information technology innovations: the case of Internet computing in systems development organizations. MIS Quarterly 27(4), 557–595 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma, Q., Pearson, J.M., Tadisina, S.: An exploratory study into factors of service quality for application service providers. Information & Management 42(8), 1067–1080 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor, C.: SaaS 2.0: Saugatuck Study Shows Rapid SaaS Evolution to Business Platforms. PRWeb, Press Release Newswire (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Marin, D., Schnitzer, M.: The economic institution of international barter. Economic Journal 112(479), 293–316 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin, L.: Cloud Computing Survey: IT Leaders See Big Promise, Have Big Security Questions (2008), http://www.cio.com/article/455832/Cloud_Computing_Survey_IT_Leaders_See_Big_Promise_Have_Big_Security_Questions (retrieved October 17, 2009)

  • McNee, W.S.: SaaS 2.0. Journal of Digital Asset Management 3(4), 209–214 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mota, J., de Castro, L.M.: A capabilities perspective on the evolution of firm boundaries: A comparative case example from the portuguese moulds industry. Journal of Management Studies 41(2), 295–316 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, M.D.: Qualitative Research in Information Systems. MISQ Discovery 21(2), 241–242 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nonaka, I.A., Takeuchi, H.A.: The knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pallant, J.: SPSS survival manual. Open University Press, Buckingham (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Patnayakuni, R., Seth, N.: Why license when you can rent? Risks and rewards of the application service provider model. In: Special Interest Group on Computer Personnel Research Annual Conference, pp. 182–188 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Philippe, S., Phillip, A.C.: Acting to see: when disruptive times call for disruptive marketing. European Business Forum (29), 40 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Popadiuk, S., Choo, C.W.: Innovation and knowledge creation: How are these concepts related? International Journal of Information Management 26(4), 302–312 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poppo, L., Zenger, T.: Testing Alternative Theories of the Firm: Transaction Cost, Knowledge-Based, and Measurement Explanations for Make-or-Buy Decisions in Information Services. Strategic Management Journal 19, 853–877 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M.E.: What Is Strategy? Harvard Business Review 74(6), 61–78 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabinowitz, G., Kashi, G., Root, A., Gavius, A.: Seven core capabilities of organization (in press, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratnasingam, P.: E-Commerce Relationships: The Impact of Trust on Relationship Continuity. International Journal of Commerce & Management 15(1), 1 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, E.M.: Diffusion of Innovations. The Free Press, New York (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, J.W., Westerman, G.: Preparing for utility computing: The role of IT architecture and relationship management. IBM Systems Journal 41(3), 5–19 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rulke, D.L., Zaheer, S., Anderson, M.H.: Sources of managers’ knowledge of organizational capabilities. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 82(1), 134–149 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saeed, M., Jaffar-Ur-Rehman, M.: Enhancement of Software Engineering by Shifting From Software Product to Software Service. In: First International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies, ICICT (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schein, E.H.: Organizational culture. American psychologist 45(2), 109–119 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seaman, C.B.: Qualitative methods in empirical studies of software engineering. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 25(4), 557–572 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Senge, P.M.: The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. Currency (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheehan, J.: Understanding service sector innovation. Communication of the ACM 49(7), 42–47 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, E.B.: Information systems innovation among organizations. Management Science 40(9), 1069–1092 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teece, D.J., Pisano, G., Shuen, A.: Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal 18(7), 509–533 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • TenWolde, E.K.: SaaS 2.0: What Does the Future Hold? OpSource SaaS Summit, IDC (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M., Budgen, D., Brereton, P.: Turning software into a service. Computer 36(10), 38–44 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vassiliadis, B., Stefani, A., Tsaknakis, J., Tsakalidis, A.: From application service provision to service-oriented computing: A study of the IT outsourcing evolution. Telematics and Informatics 23(4), 271–293 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voelpel, S.C., Leibold, M., Tekie, E.B.: Wheel of business model reinvention: How to reshape your business model to leapfrog competitors. Journal of Change Management 4(3), 259–276 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wall, T.D., Michie, J., Patterson, M., Wood, S.J., Sheehan, M., Clegg, C.W., West, M.: On the validity of subjective measures of company performance. Personnel Psychology 57(1), 95–119 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, K.R.: Analyzing the application ASP concept: technologies, economies, and strategies. Communications of the ACM 46(8), 103–107 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C.L., Ahmed, P.K., Uxbridge, K.L., Middlesex, W.L., Sunway, B.: Dynamic capabilities: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews 9(1), 31–51 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waters, B.: Software as a service: A look at the customer benefits. Journal of Digital Asset Management 1(1), 32 (8 pages) (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wernerfelt, B.: A Resource-Based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal 5(2), 171–180 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winter, S.G.: Understanding Dynamic Capabilities. Strategic Management Journal 24(10), 991–995 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Zmud: Diffusion of modern software practices: influence of centralization and formalization. Management Science 28(12), 1421 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Heart, T., Tsur, N.S., Pliskin, N. (2010). Software-as-a-Service Vendors: Are They Ready to Successfully Deliver?. In: Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J. (eds) Global Sourcing of Information Technology and Business Processes. Global Sourcing 2010. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 55. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15417-1_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15417-1_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-15416-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-15417-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics