Abstract
Schema mapping is becoming pervasive in all data transformation, exchange, and integration tasks. It brings to the surface the problem of differences and mismatches between heterogeneous formats and models, respectively, used in source and target databases to be mapped one to another. In this chapter, we start by describing the problem of schema mapping, its background, and technical implications. Then, we outline the early schema mapping systems, along with the new generation of schema mapping tools. Moving from the former to the latter entailed a dramatic change in the performance of mapping generation algorithms. Finally, we conclude the chapter by revisiting the query answering techniques allowed by the mappings, and by discussing useful applications and future and current developments of schema mapping tools.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
- 2.
While Skolem terms are usually nested, for the sake of simplicity here we only consider flat terms.
- 3.
We do not distinguish here between Σ st and Σ t and consider Σ as a set of generic constraints.
References
Abiteboul S, Duschka OM (1998) Complexity of answering queries using materialized views. In: PODS. ACM, NY, pp 254–263
Abiteboul S, Cluet S, Milo T (1997) Correspondence and translation for heterogeneous data. In: ICDT, Delphi, Greece. Springer, London, pp 351–363
Abu-Hamdeh R, Cordy J, Martin T (1994) Schema translation using structural transformation. In: CASCON. IBM Press, pp 202–215
Amano S, Libkin L, Murlak F (2009) XML schema mappings. In: PODS. ACM, NY, pp 33–42
An Y, Borgida A, Miller R, Mylopoulos J (2007) In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Data Engineering, ICDE 2007, April 15–20, 2007, The Marmara Hotel, Istanbul, Turkey
Arenas M, Libkin L (2008) XML data exchange: Consistency and query answering. J ACM 55(2):1–72
Atzeni P, Torlone R (1995) Schema translation between heterogeneous data models in a lattice framework. In: Data semantics conference. Chapman & Hall, London, pp 345–364
Atzeni P, Torlone R (1997) MDM: A multiple-data model tool for the management of heterogeneous database schemes. In: SIGMOD. ACM, NY, pp 528–531
Beeri C, Milo T (1999) Schemas for intergration and translation of structured and semi-structured data. In: ICDT. Springer, London, pp 296–313
Beeri C, Vardi M (1984) A proof procedure for data dependencies. J ACM 31(4):718–741
Bonifati A, Chang EQ, Ho T, Lakshmanan L, Pottinger R (2005) HePToX: Marrying XML and heterogeneity in your P2P databases. In: VLDB. VLDB Endowment, pp 1267–1270
Bonifati A, Mecca G, Pappalardo A, Raunich S, Summa G (2008) Schema mapping verification: The spicy way. In: EDBT. ACM, NY, pp 85–96
Bonifati A, Chang EQ, Ho T, Lakshmanan L, Pottinger R, Chung Y (2010) Schema mapping and query translation in heterogeneous P2P XML databases. VLDB J 19(2):231–256
Cabibbo L (2009) On keys, foreign keys and nullable attributes in relational mapping systems. In: EDBT. ACM, NY, pp 263–274
Calì A, Gottlob G, Lukasiewicz T (2009a) Datalog ± : A unified approach to ontologies and integrity constraints. In: ICDT. ACM, NY, pp 14–30
Calì A, Gottlob G, Lukasiewicz T (2009b) A general datalog-based framework for tractable query answering over ontologies. In: PODS. ACM, NY, pp 77–86
Calvanese D, De Giacomo G, Lenzerini M, Rosati R (2004) Logical foundations of peer-to-peer data integration. In: ACM PODS. ACM, NY, pp 241–251
Chandra AK, Merlin PM (1977) Optimal implementation of conjunctive queries in relational data bases. In: STOC. ACM, NY, pp 77–90
Chiticariu L (2005) Computing the core in data exchange: Algorithmic issues. MS Project Report, unpublished manuscript
Cluet S, Delobel C, Siméon J, Smaga K (1998) Your mediators need data conversion! In: SIGMOD. ACM, NY, pp 177–188
Davidson S, Kosky A (1997) IEEE Computer Society. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Data Engineering, April 7–11, 1997 Birmingham UK
Deutsch A, Popa L, Tannen V (1999) Physical data independence, constraints, and optimization with universal plans. In: VLDB. Morgan Kaufmann, CA, pp 459–470
Fagin R (2007) Inverting schema mappings. ACM TODS 32(4)
Fagin R, Kolaitis P, Miller R, Popa L (2005a) Data exchange: Semantics and query answering. TCS 336(1):89–124
Fagin R, Kolaitis P, Popa L (2005b) Data exchange: Getting to the core. ACM TODS 30(1):174–210
Fagin R, Kolaitis P, Nash A, Popa L (2008) Towards a theory of schema-mapping optimization. In: ACM PODS. ACM, NY, pp 33–42
Fagin R, Haas LM, Hernandez M, Miller RJ, Popa L, Velegrakis Y (2009) Clio: Schema mapping creation and data exchange. In: Borgida A, Chaudhri V, Giorgini P, Yu E (eds) Conceptual modeling: Foundations and applications. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 198–236
Fuxman A, Hernández MA, Howard CT, Miller RJ, Papotti P, Popa L (2006) Nested mappings: Schema mapping reloaded. In: VLDB. VLDB Endowment, pp 67–78
Gottlob G, Nash A (2008) Efficient core computation in data exchange. J ACM 55(2):1–49
Gottlob G, Pichler R, Savenkov V (2009) Normalization and optimization of schema mappings. PVLDB 2(1):1102–1113
Haas LM (2007) Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4353. In: ICDT, Springer.
Halevy AY (2010) Technical perspective – schema mappings: Rules for mixing data. Commun CACM 53(1):100
Hell P, Nešetřil J (1992) The core of a graph. Discrete Math 109(1–3):117–126
Hernández MA, Papotti P, Tan WC (2008) Data exchange with data-metadata translations. PVLDB 1(1):260–273
Hull R, Yoshikawa M (1990) ILOG: Declarative creation and manipulation of object identifiers. In: VLDB. Morgan Kaufmann, CA, pp 455–468
Ives ZG, Halevy AY, Mork P, Tatarinov I (2004) Piazza: Mediation and integration infrastructure for semantic web data. J Web Sem 1(2):155–175
Ives ZG, Green TJ, Karvounarakis G, Taylor NE, Tannen V, Talukdar PP, Jacob M, Pereira F(2008) The orchestra collaborative data sharing system. SIGMOD Rec 37(3):26–32
Jiang H, Ho H, Popa L, Han W (2007) Mapping-driven XML transformation. In: WWW conference. ACM, NY, pp 1063–1072
Levy AY, Mendelzon A, Sagiv Y, Srivastava D (1995) Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART symposium on principles of database systems. ACM Press, San Jose, California, May 22–25, 1995
Maier D, Mendelzon AO, Sagiv Y (1979) Testing implications of data dependencies. ACM TODS 4(4):455–469
Maier D, Ullman JD, Vardi MY (1984) On the foundations of the universal relation model. ACM TODS 9(2):283–308
Marnette B (2009) Generalized schema mappings: From termination to tractability. In: ACM PODS. ACM, NY, pp 13–22
Marnette B, Mecca G, Papotti P (2010) Scalable data exchange with functional dependencies. PVLDB 3(1):106–116
Mecca G, Papotti P, Raunich S (2009a) Core schema mappings. In: SIGMOD. ACM, NY, pp 655–668
Mecca G, Papotti P, Raunich S, Buoncristiano M (2009b) Concise and expressive mappings with + Spicy. PVLDB 2(2):1582–1585
Melnik S, Bernstein P, Halevy A, Rahm E (2005) Supporting executable mappings in model management. In: SIGMOD. ACM, NY, pp 167–178
Miller RJ, Haas LM, Hernandez MA (2000) Schema mapping as query discovery. In: VLDB. Morgan Kaufmann, CA, pp 77–99
Milo T, Zohar S (1998) Using schema matching to simplify heterogeneous data translation. In: VLDB. Morgan Kaufmann, CA, pp 122–133
OWL-Full (2004) OWL web ontology language reference. http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-ref/ http://www.#OWLFull
Popa L (2000) Object/relational query optimization with chase and backchase. PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania
Popa L, Tannen V (1999) An equational chase for path-conjunctive queries, constraints, and views. In: ICDT. Springer, London, pp 39–57
Popa L, Velegrakis Y, Miller RJ, Hernandez MA, Fagin R (2002) Translating web data. In: VLDB. VLDB Endowment, pp 598–609
Pottinger R, Halevy A (2001) Minicon: A scalable algorithm for answering queries using views. VLDB J 10(2–3):182–198
Raffio A, Braga D, Ceri S, Papotti P, Hernández MA (2008) Clip: A visual language for explicit schema mappings. In: ICDE. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, pp 30–39
Rahm E, Bernstein PA (2001) A survey of approaches to automatic schema matching. VLDB J 10:334–350
Savenkov V, Pichler R (2008) Towards practical feasibility of core computation in data exchange. In: LPAR. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 62–78
Shu NC, Housel BC, Taylor RW, Ghosh SP, Lum VY (1977) EXPRESS: A data extraction, processing and restructuring system. ACM TODS 2(2):134–174
ten Cate B, Kolaitis PG (2009) Structural characterizations of schema-mapping languages. In: ICDT. ACM, NY, pp 63–72
ten Cate B, Chiticariu L, Kolaitis P, Tan WC (2009) Laconic schema mappings: Computing core universal solutions by means of SQL queries. PVLDB 2(1):1006–1017
Tork-Roth M, Schwarz PM (1997) Don’t scrap it, wrap it! A wrapper architecture for legacy data sources. In: VLDB. Morgan Kaufmann, CA, pp 266–275
Velegrakis Y (2005) Managing schema mappings in highly heterogeneous environments. PhD thesis, University of Toronto
Yu C, Popa L (2004) Constraint-based XML query rewriting for data integration. In: SIGMOD conference. ACM, NY, pp 371–382
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bonifati, A., Mecca, G., Papotti, P., Velegrakis, Y. (2011). Discovery and Correctness of Schema Mapping Transformations. In: Bellahsene, Z., Bonifati, A., Rahm, E. (eds) Schema Matching and Mapping. Data-Centric Systems and Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16518-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16518-4_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-16517-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-16518-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)