Abstract
Most sensor network architectures typically assume that nodes are stationary after deployment. However, a number of recent papers have shown that the use of mobile nodes or mobile data collectors (MDC) can significantly improve the performance of a network. In this model, the network can be viewed as a three-tier architecture, where the lowest-tier consists of a set of sensor nodes. The middle-tier contains a number of higher powered relay nodes, each acting as a cluster head for a number of sensor nodes in the tier below, and one or more mobile data collector(s), constitute the upper-tier. For such hierarchical architectures, there are a number of important design problems such as determining the number of relay nodes that are needed and their locations, determining the appropriate buffer capacities in the relay nodes to ensure there is no data loss due to buffer overflow and calculating a suitable trajectory for each MDC. In this paper, we first propose an integrated integer linear program (ILP) formulation that calculates the optimal number and positions of the relay nodes in the middle-tier, along with the requisite buffer sizes. We then present an algorithm for calculating the trajectory of the MDC, based on the relay node locations and the load on each individual relay node, in a way that minimizes the maximum energy dissipation of the relay nodes. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach is feasible for networks with hundreds of sensor nodes.
A. Jaekel has been supported by discovery grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Gupta, G., Younis, M.: Load-balanced clustering of wireless sensor networks. In: IEEE ICC, vol. 3, pp. 1848–1852 (2003)
Gupta, G., Younis, M.: Fault-tolerant clustering of wireless sensor networks. In: IEEE WCNC, pp. 1579–1584 (2003)
Tang, J., Hao, B., Sen, A.: Relay node placement in large scale wireless sensor networks. Computer Communication 29(4), 490–501 (2006)
Gnawali, O., Greenstein, B., Jang, K.-Y., Joki, A., Paek, J., Vieira, M., Estrin, D., Govindan, R., Kohler, E.: The Tenet Architecture for Tiered Sensor Networks. In: The Proceeding of SenSys (2006)
Bari, A., Jaekel, A., Bandyopadhyay, S.: Clustering Strategies for Improving the Lifetime of Two-Tiered Sensor Networks. Computer Communications 31(14), 3451–3459 (2008)
Bari, A., Jaekel, A., Bandyopadhyay, S.: Integrated Clustering and Routing Strategies for Large Scale Sensor Networks. In: Akyildiz, I.F., Sivakumar, R., Ekici, E., de Oliveira, J.C., McNair, J. (eds.) NETWORKING 2007. LNCS, vol. 4479, pp. 143–154. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Hou, Y.T., Shi, Y., Sherali, H., Midkiff, S.F.: On Energy Provisioning and Relay Node Placement for Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 4(5), 2579–2590 (2005)
Heinzelman, W., Chandrakasan, A., Balakrishnan, H.: Energy effcient communication protocol for wireless micro-sensor networks. In: HICSS, pp. 3005–3014 (2000)
Bari, A., Jaekel, A., Bandyopadhyay, S.: Optimal placement and routing strategies for resilient two-tiered sensor networks. In: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. Wiley, Chichester (2008), doi:10.1002/wcm.639
Hao, B., Tang, J., Xue, G.: Fault-tolerant relay node placement in wireless sensor networks: formulation and approximation. In: HPSR, pp. 246–250 (2004)
Liu, H., Wan, P., Jia, W.: Fault-Tolerant Relay Node Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Wang, L. (ed.) COCOON 2005. LNCS, vol. 3595, pp. 230–239. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Yarvis, M., Kushalnagar, N., Singh, H., Rangarajan, A., Liu, Y., Singh, S.: Exploiting heterogeneity in sensor networks. In: INFOCOM 2005, vol. 2, pp. 878–890 (2005)
Bari, A., Jaekel, A., Bandyopadhyay, S.: Optimal Placement of Relay Nodes in Two-Tiered, Fault Tolerant Sensor Networks. In: IEEE ISCC (2007)
Bari, A., Xu, Y., Jaekel, A.: Integrated Placement and Routing of Relay Nodes for Fault-Tolerant Hierarchical Sensor Networks. In: IEEE ICCCN - SN, pp. 1–6 (2008)
Bari, A., Jaekel, A.: Techniques for Exploiting Mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks, Handbook of Research on Mobile Business: Technical, Methodological and Social perspective, 2nd edn. IGI Global, Information Science Reference, pp. 445–455 (2008) ISBN: 978-1-60566
Pazzi, R.W.N., Boukerche, A.: Mobile data collector strategy for delay-sensitive applications over wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications 31(5), 1028–1039 (2008)
Bari, A., Chen, Y., Jaekel, A., Bandyopadhyay, S.: A New Architecture for Hierarchical Sensor Networks with Mobile Data Collectors. In: ICDCN, Networking track (2010)
Bari, A., Chen, Y., Roy, D., Jaekel, A., Bandyopadhyay, S.: Energy Aware Trajectory Computation of Mobile Data Collectors in Hierarchical Sensor Networks. In: IEEE ICC (to appear, 2010)
Gandham, S.R., Dawande, M., Prakash, R., Venkatesan, S.: Energy efficient schemes for wireless sensor networks with multiple mobile base stations. In: IEEE Global Telecommunication Conference, GLOBECOM 2003, vol. 1, pp. 377–381 (2003)
Jea, D., Somasundara, A., Srivastava, M.: Multiple controlled mobile elements (Data Mules) for data collection in sensor networks. In: Prasanna, V.K., Iyengar, S.S., Spirakis, P.G., Welsh, M. (eds.) DCOSS 2005. LNCS, vol. 3560, pp. 244–257. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Luo, J., Hubaux, J.-P.: Joint mobility and routing for lifetime elongation in wireless sensor networks. In: INFOCOM, vol. 3, pp. 1735–1746 (2005)
Nakayamaa, H., Ansarib, N., Jamalipourc, A., Katoa, N.: Fault-resilient sensing in wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications 30(11-12), 2375–2384 (2007)
Shah, R.C., Roy, S., Jain, S., Brunette, W.: Data mules: Modeling a Three-Tier Architecture For Sparse Sensor Networks. In: IEEE Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications (2003)
Jain, S., Shah, R., Brunette, W., Borriello, G., Roy, S.: Exploiting Mobility for Energy Efficient Data Collection in Sensor Networks. Mobile Networks and Applications 11(3), 327–339 (2006)
Gu, Y., Bozdag, D., Ekici, E., Ozguner, F., Lee, C.-G.: Partitioning-Based Mobile Element Scheduling in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: IEEE Conf. Sensor and Ad Hoc Communication and Network (2005)
Luo, H., Ye, F., Cheng, J., Lu, S., Zhang, L.: Ttdd: Two-tier data dissemination in large-scale wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks 11, 161–175 (2005)
Kim, H.S., Abdelzaher, T.F., Kwon, W.H.: Minimum-energy asynchronous dissemination to mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks. In: Proc. of the 1st Int. Conf. on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SENSYS), pp. 193–204 (2003)
Hwang, K., In, J., Eom, D.: Distributed dynamic shared tree for minimum energy data aggregation of multiple mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks. In: Römer, K., Karl, H., Mattern, F. (eds.) EWSN 2006. LNCS, vol. 3868, pp. 132–147. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Pan, J., Hou, Y.T., Cai, L., Shi, Y., Shen, S.X.: Topology Control for Wireless Sensor Networks. In: International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 286–299 (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 ICST Institute for Computer Science, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bari, A., Luo, F., Froese, W., Jaekel, A. (2010). Optimal Relay Node Placement and Trajectory Computation in Sensor Networks with Mobile Data Collector. In: Zheng, J., Simplot-Ryl, D., Leung, V.C.M. (eds) Ad Hoc Networks. ADHOCNETS 2010. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 49. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17994-5_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17994-5_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-17993-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-17994-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)