Abstract
This paper presents a novel method using block-based predictive error histogram for reversible watermarking in spatial domain. This algorithm employs prediction error to embed data into the cover image. A pixel predictor based on Euclidean distance uses four neighboring pixels to predict the current pixel according to Euclidean distance and hides data into the selected pixels with a special predictive error by histogram shifting. Different from the existing histogram shifting schemes, where only one pair of peak points is used in the given image histogram, we divide the image into non-overlapping blocks and provide a pair of peak points for each block to take full advantage of embedding capacity. The set of peak point values will be compressed by arithmetic coding as a part of overhead information. Comparing with the existing spatial domain reversible watermark methods, the proposed method can achieve much better PSNR value at the high embedding rate. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed watermarking scheme.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Tian, J.: Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion. IEEE Trans. Circuits Systems and Video Technology 13(8), 890–896 (2003)
Alattar, A.M.: Reversible watermark using difference expansion of a generalized integer transform. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 3(8), 1147–1156 (2004)
Hu, Y., Lee, H.-K., Li, J.: De-based reversible data hiding with improved overflow location map. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 19(2), 250–260 (2009)
Weng, S., Zhao, Y., Pan, J.S., Ni, R.: IEEE Signal Processing Letters 15, 721–724 (2008)
Kim, H.-J., Sachnev, V., Shi, Y.Q., Nam, J., Choo, H.-G.: A novel difference expansion transform for reversible data embedding. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensic Security 3(3), 456–465 (2008)
Lin, C.C., Yang, S.P., Hsueh, N.L.: Lossless data hiding based on difference expansion without a location map. In: 2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing, pp. 8–12 (2008)
Ni, Z., Shi, Y.Q., Ansari, N., Wei, S.: Reversible data hiding. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 16(3), 354–362 (2006)
Xuan, G., Yao, Q., Yang, C., Gao, J., Chai, P., Shi, Y.Q., Ni, Z.: Lossless Data Hiding Using Histogram Shifting Method Based on Integer Wavelets. In: Shi, Y.Q., Jeon, B. (eds.) IWDW 2006. LNCS, vol. 4283, pp. 323–332. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Hwang, J., Kim, J.W., Choi, J.U.: A reversible watermarking based on histogram shifting. In: Shi, Y.Q., Jeon, B. (eds.) IWDW 2006. LNCS, vol. 4283, pp. 348–361. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Tsai, P., Hu, Y.C., Yeh, H.L.: Reversible image hiding scheme using predictive coding and histogram shifting. Signal Processing 89, 1129–1143 (2009)
Lin, C.C., Hsueh, N.L.: A lossless data hiding scheme based on three-pixel block differences. Pattern Recognition 41(4), 1415–1425 (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ou, B., Zhao, Y., Ni, R. (2011). Reversible Watermarking Using Prediction Error Histogram and Blocking. In: Kim, HJ., Shi, Y.Q., Barni, M. (eds) Digital Watermarking. IWDW 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6526. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18405-5_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18405-5_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-18404-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-18405-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)