Skip to main content

Towards a Sociological Understanding of Robots as Companions

  • Conference paper
Human-Robot Personal Relationships (HRPR 2010)

Abstract

While Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) have, in the past, primarily mediated or facilitated emotional bonding between humans, contemporary robot technologies are increasingly making the bond between human and robots the core issue. Thinking of robots as companions is not only a development that opens up huge potential for new applications, it also raises social and ethical issues. In this paper we will argue that current conceptions of human-robot companionship are primarily rooted in cognitive psychological traditions and provide important, yet limited understanding of the companion relationship. Elaborating on a sociological perspective on the appropriation of new technology, we will argue for a richer understanding of companionship that takes the situatedness (in location, network and time) of the use-context into account.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Dautenhahn, K., Woods, S., Kaouri, C., Walters, M., Koay, K.L., Werry, I.: What is a robot companion— friend, assistant or butler? In: Proc. IEEE IRS/RSJ Int. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2005), pp. 1488–1493. IEEE Press, Edmonton (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Wilks, Y. (ed.): Close Engagements with Artificial Companions, Key social, Psychological, Ethical and Design Issues (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Breazeal, C.L.: Designing Sociable Robots. Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Agents (illustrated ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge (2004)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Leite, I., Castellano, G., Pereira, A., Martinho, C., Paiva, A., McOwan, P.W.: Designing a game companion for long-term social interaction. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Affective-aware Virtual Agents and Social Robots (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Correia, S., Pedrosa, S., Costa, J., Estanqueiro, M.: Little Mozart: Establishing long term relationships with (virtual) companions. In: Ruttkay, Z., Kipp, M., Nijholt, A., Vilhjálmsson, H.H. (eds.) IVA 2009. LNCS, vol. 5773, pp. 492–493. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Enz, S., Zoll, C., Spielhagen, C., Diruf, M.: Concepts and evaluation of psychological models of empathy. In: AAMAS 2009 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Weber, J.: Ontological and Anthropological Dimensions of Social Robotics. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Robot Companions: Hard Problems and Open Challenges in Robot-Human Interaction, April 12 - 15. University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Taylor, A., Jaim, A., Swan, L.: New companions. In: Close Engagements With Artificial Companions. In: Wilks, Y. (ed.) Key social, psychological, ethical and design issues, pp. 168–178. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Lim, M., Aylett, R., Ho, W., Enz, S., Vargas, P.: A Socially-Aware Memory for Companion Agents. In: The 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Suchman, L.: Human technology reconfigurations. Plans and Situated Actions. Cambrigde University Press, Cambridge (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Latour, B.: On recalling ANT. In: Law, J., Hassard, J. (eds.) Actor Network Theory and After, pp. 15–25. Blackwell, Oxford (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Turkle, S., Taggart, W., Kidd, C.D., Dasté, O.: Relational Artifacts with Children and Elders: The Complexities of Cybercompanionship. Connection Science 18(4), 347–361 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Turkle, S.: Authenticity in the Age of Digital Companions. Interaction Studies 8(3), 501–517 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Wilks, Y.: Artificial Companions. In: Instil/ICALL Symposium 2004 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Zhao, S.: Humanoid social robots as a medium of communiction. New Media and Society 8(3), 410–419 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Rose, R., Scheutz, M., Schermerhorn, P.: Towards a Conceptual and Methodological Framework for Determining Robot Believability. Interaction Studies 11, 314–335 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Turkle, S.: Life on the Screen. Identity in the Age of the Internet. Weidenfel & Nicolson, London (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Potter, T., Marshall, C. W.: Cylons in America: Critical Studies in Battlestar Galactica. Continuum Intl Pub. Group (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sparrow, R.: The March of the Robot Dogs. Ethics and Information Technology 4, 305–318 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Turkle, S.: Evocative Objects. Things we think with. MIT Press, Cambridge (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Boradkar, P.: Designing things: A Critical Introduction to the Culture of Objects. Berg (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Forlizzi, J.: How Robotic Products become Social Products: An Ethnographic Study of Cleaning in the Home. In: Proceedings of HRI 2007, pp.129-136 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Forlizzi, J.: The Product Ecology: Understanding Social Product Use and Supporting Design Culture. International Journal of Design 2(1), 11–20 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Mutlu, B., Forlizzi, J.: Robots in Organizations: The Role of Workflow, Social, and Environmental Factors in Human-Robot Interaction. In: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human Robot Interaction, Amsterdam, pp. 287–294 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Oudshoorn, N., Brouns, M., Van Oost, E.: Diversity and Distributed Agency in the Design and Use of Medical Video-Communication Technologies. In: Harbers, H. (ed.) Inside the Politics of Technology, pp. 85–105. Amsterdam University Press (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Reed, D.J.: Technology reminiscences of older people. In: Engage. Workshop entitled designing with elderly for elderly, HCI 2006, Queen Mary, University of London, UK (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Shaw-Garlock, G.: Looking forward to sociable robots. International Journal of Social Robotics 1(3), 249–260 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Woolgar, S.: Configuring the user: The case of usability trials. In: Law, J. (ed.) A sociology of monsters, pp. 58–100. Routledge, London (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Akrich, M.: The de-scription of technological objects. In: Bijker, W., Law, J. (eds.) Shaping Technology, Building Society. Studies in Socio-technical Change, pp. 205–224. MIT Press, Cambridge (1992)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 ICST Institute for Computer Science, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

About this paper

Cite this paper

van Oost, E., Reed, D. (2011). Towards a Sociological Understanding of Robots as Companions. In: Lamers, M.H., Verbeek, F.J. (eds) Human-Robot Personal Relationships. HRPR 2010. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 59. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19385-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19385-9_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-19384-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-19385-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics