Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

International Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents

IVA 2011: Intelligent Virtual Agents pp 106–112Cite as

Posture, Relationship, and Discourse Structure

Models of Nonverbal Behavior for Long-Term Interaction

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 6895))

Abstract

We present an empirical investigation of nonverbal behavior in long-term interaction spanning multiple conversations, in the context of a developing interpersonal relationship. Based on a longitudinal video corpus of human-human counseling conversation, we develop a model of the occurrence of posture shifts which incorporates changes that occur both within a single conversation and over multiple conversations. Implications for the design and implementation of virtual agents are discussed, with a particular focus on agents designed for long-term interaction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Andersen, P.A.: Nonverbal immediacy in interpersonal communication. In: Siegman, A.W., Feldstein, S. (eds.) Multichannel Integrations of Nonverbal Behavior, pp. 1–36. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B.: lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes (2011), http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4 , R package version 0.999375-39

  3. Bernieri, F.J.: Coordinated movement and rapport in teacher-student interactions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 12(2), 120–138 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bickmore, T.: Relational Agents: Effecting Change through Human-Computer Relationships. Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bickmore, T., Schulman, D., Yin, L.: Maintaining engagement in long-term interventions with relational agents. Applied Artificial Intelligence 24(6), 648–666 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bozdogan, H.: Model selection and Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC): The general theory and its analytical extensions. Psychometrika 52(3), 345–370 (1987)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Cassell, J., Gill, A.J., Tepper, P.A.: Coordination in conversation and rapport. In: Workshop on Embodied Language Processing, pp. 41–50. Association for Computational Linguistics (June 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cassell, J., Nakano, Y.I., Bickmore, T.W., Sidner, C.L., Rich, C.: Non-verbal cues for discourse structure. In: ACL 2001: Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 114–123. Association for Computational Linguistics, Morristown (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Cassell, J., Vilhjálmsson, H.H., Bickmore, T.: BEAT: the Behavior Expression Animation Toolkit. In: SIGGRAPH 2001: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, pp. 477–486. ACM, New York (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Grosz, B.J., Sidner, C.L.: Attention, intentions, and the structure of discourse. Computational Linguistics 12(3), 175–204 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hatcher, R.L., Gillaspy, A.J.: Development and validation of a revised short version of the Working Alliance Inventory. Psychotherapy Research 16(1), 12–25 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kendon, A.: Some relationships between body motion and speech. In: Seigman, A., Pope, B. (eds.) Studies in Dyadic Communication, pp. 177–216. Pergamon Press, Elmsford (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Lafrance, M.: Nonverbal synchrony and rapport: Analysis by the Cross-Lag panel technique. Social Psychology Quarterly 42(1), 66–70 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. LaFrance, M., Ickes, W.: Posture mirroring and interactional involvement: Sex and sex typing effects. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 5(3), 139–154 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Martin, D.J., Garske, J.P., Davis, M.K.: Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 68(3), 438–450 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. McCulloch, C.E., Neuhaus, J.M.: Generalized Linear Mixed Models. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  17. R Development Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria (2011), http://www.R-project.org/ , ISBN 3-900051-07-0

  18. Scheflen, A.E.: The significance of posture in communication systems. Psychiatry 27, 316–331 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Schulman, D., Bickmore, T.: Modeling behavioral manifestations of coordination and rapport over multiple conversations. In: Allbeck, J., Badler, N., Bickmore, T., Pelachaud, C., Safonova, A. (eds.) IVA 2010. LNCS, vol. 6356, pp. 132–138. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Tickle-Degnen, L., Gavett, E.: Changes in nonverbal behavior during the development of therapeutic relationships. In: Philippot, P., Feldman, R.S., Coats, E.J. (eds.) Nonverbal Behavior in Clinical Settings, ch. 4, pp. 75–110. Oxford University Press, New York (2003)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Computer and Information Science, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, WVH 202, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Daniel Schulman & Timothy Bickmore

Authors
  1. Daniel Schulman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Timothy Bickmore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland

    Hannes Högni Vilhjálmsson

  2. Bielefeld University, CITEC, P.O. Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany

    Stefan Kopp

  3. Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, 12015 Waterfront Drive, 90094-2536, Playa Vista, CA, USA

    Stacy Marsella

  4. Reykjavik University, CADIA, Menntavegur 1, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland

    Kristinn R. Thórisson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Schulman, D., Bickmore, T. (2011). Posture, Relationship, and Discourse Structure. In: Vilhjálmsson, H.H., Kopp, S., Marsella, S., Thórisson, K.R. (eds) Intelligent Virtual Agents. IVA 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 6895. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23974-8_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23974-8_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-23973-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-23974-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation