Abstract
This paper summarizes several iterations in the cat-and-mouse game between digital image forensics and counter-forensics related to an image’s JPEG compression history. Building on the counter-forensics algorithm by Stamm et al. [1], we point out a vulnerability in this scheme when a maximum likelihood estimator has no solution. We construct a targeted detector against it, and present an improved scheme which uses imputation to deal with cases that lack an estimate. While this scheme is secure against our targeted detector, it is detectable by a further improved detector, which borrows from steganalysis and uses a calibrated feature. All claims are backed with experimental results from 2 × 800 never-compressed never-resampled grayscale images.
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References
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Lai, S., Böhme, R. (2011). Countering Counter-Forensics: The Case of JPEG Compression. In: Filler, T., Pevný, T., Craver, S., Ker, A. (eds) Information Hiding. IH 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6958. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24178-9_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24178-9_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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