Abstract
It is well known that a program exhibits time-varying execution behavior, i.e., a program typically goes through a number of phases during its execution exhibiting relatively homogeneous behavior within a phase and distinct behavior across phases. In fact, several recent research studies have been exploiting this time-varying behavior for various purposes such as simulation acceleration, code optimization, hardware adaptation for reducing energy consumption, etc.
This paper proposes phase complexity surfaces to characterize a computer program’s phase behavior across various time scales in an intuitive manner. The phase complexity surfaces incorporate metrics that characterize phase behavior in terms of the number of phases, their predictability, the degree of variability within and across phases, and the phase behavior’s dependence on the time scale granularity. Leveraging phase complexity surfaces, the paper then characterizes the phase behavior of the SPEC CPU benchmarks across multiple platforms (Alpha and IA-32) and across two CPU benchmark suite generations (CPU2000 and CPU2006).
This paper extends the paper ‘Phase Complexity Surfaces: Characterizing Time-Varying Program Behavior’ by F. Vandeputte and L. Eeckhout published at the HiPEAC conference in January 2008. This journal submission extends the conference version by presenting more results and analyses. In particular, it presents more phase complexity surface graphs; it analyzes the phase behavior in SPEC CPU2000 in more detail; it compares the phase behavior across platforms; and it compares the phase behavior across SPEC CPU2000 and CPU2006.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Eeckhout, L., Sampson, J., Calder, B.: Exploiting program microarchitecture independent characteristics and phase behavior for reduced benchmark suite simulation. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC), pp. 2–12 (2005)
Sherwood, T., Perelman, E., Hamerly, G., Calder, B.: Automatically characterizing large scale program behavior. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS), pp. 45–57 (2002)
Balasubramonian, R., Albonesi, D., Buyuktosunoglu, A., Dwarkadas, S.: Memory hierarchy reconfiguration for energy and performance in general-purpose processor architectures. In: Proceedings of the 33th Annual International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO), pp. 245–257 (2000)
Dhodapkar, A., Smith, J.E.: Dynamic microarchitecture adaptation via co-designed virtual machines. In: International Solid State Circuits Conference (2002)
Dhodapkar, A., Smith, J.E.: Managing multi-configuration hardware via dynamic working set analysis. In: Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA), pp. 233–244 (2002)
Sherwood, T., Sair, S., Calder, B.: Phase tracking and prediction. In: Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA), pp. 336–347 (2003)
Georges, A., Buytaert, D., Eeckhout, L., De Bosschere, K.: Method-level phase behavior in Java workloads. In: Proceedings of the 19th Annual ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Languages, Applications and Systems (OOPSLA), pp. 270–287 (2004)
Nagpurkar, P., Krintz, C., Sherwood, T.: Phase-aware remote profiling. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO), pp. 191–202 (2005)
Perelman, E., Hamerly, G., Calder, B.: Picking statistically valid and early simulation points. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT), pp. 244–256 (2003)
Patil, H., Cohn, R., Charney, M., Kapoor, R., Sun, A., Karunanidhi, A.: Pinpointing representative portions of large Intel Itanium programs with dynamic instrumentation. In: Proceedings of the 37th Annual International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO), pp. 81–93 (2004)
Cho, C.B., Li, T.: Complexity-based program phase analysis and classification. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT), pp. 105–113 (2006)
Huffmire, T., Sherwood, T.: Wavelet-based phase classification. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT), pp. 95–104 (2006)
Shen, X., Zhong, Y., Ding, C.: Locality phase prediction. In: International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS), pp. 165–176 (2004)
Lau, J., Perelman, E., Hamerly, G., Sherwood, T., Calder, B.: Motivation for variable length intervals and hierarchical phase behavior. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS), pp. 135–146 (2005)
Lau, J., Perelman, E., Calder, B.: Selecting software phase markers with code structure analysis. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO), pp. 135–146 (2006)
Huang, M., Renau, J., Torrellas, J.: Positional adaptation of processors: Application to energy reduction. In: Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA), pp. 157–168 (2003)
Duesterwald, E., Cascaval, C., Dwarkadas, S.: Characterizing and predicting program behavior and its variability. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT), pp. 220–231 (2003)
Isci, C., Martonosi, M.: Identifying program power phase behavior using power vectors. In: Proceedings of the Sixth Annual IEEE International Workshop on Workload Characterization, WWC (2003)
Lau, J., Sampson, J., Perelman, E., Hamerly, G., Calder, B.: The strong correlation between code signatures and performance. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS), pp. 236–247 (2005)
Lau, J., Schoenmackers, S., Calder, B.: Structures for phase classification. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS), pp. 57–67 (2004)
Cho, C.B., Li, T.: Using wavelet domain workload execution characteristics to improve accuracy, scalability and robustness in program phase analysis. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software, ISPASS (2007)
Lau, J., Schoenmackers, S., Calder, B.: Transition phase classification and prediction. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA), pp. 278–289 (2005)
Vandeputte, F., Eeckhout, L., De Bosschere, K.: A detailed study on phase predictors. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Euro-Par Conference, pp. 571–581 (2005)
Sherwood, T., Perelman, E., Calder, B.: Basic block distribution analysis to find periodic behavior and simulation points in applications. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT), pp. 3–14 (2001)
Chen, I.K., Coffey, J.T., Mudge, T.N.: Analysis of branch prediction via data compression. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS), pp. 128–137 (1996)
Burger, D.C., Austin, T.M.: The SimpleScalar Tool Set. Computer Architecture News (1997), http://www.simplescalar.com
Maebe, J., Ronsse, M., De Bosschere, K.: DIOTA: Dynamic instrumentation, optimization and transformation of applications. In: Compendium of Workshops and Tutorials Held in Conjunction with PACT 2002: International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (2002)
Eeckhout, L., Vandierendonck, H., De Bosschere, K.: Workload design: Selecting representative program-input pairs. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT), pp. 83–94 (2002)
Johnson, R.A., Wichern, D.W.: Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis, 5th edn. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vandeputte, F., Eeckhout, L. (2011). Characterizing Time-Varying Program Behavior Using Phase Complexity Surfaces. In: Stenström, P. (eds) Transactions on High-Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers IV. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6760. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24568-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24568-8_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-24567-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-24568-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)